Numerical simulation of sea breezes over the Auckland region, New Zealand ? Air quality implications

McKendry, Ian G.

doi:10.1007/bf00116403

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…A closer inspection revealed that the problem is related to the fact that in both domains the majority of radiosonde sites are located near the coast. The models are too coarse to represent the strong contrast between PBL heights over land and sea induced by the land-sea breeze circulation (McKendry, 1989). 14 out of 22 sites in domain EU3 are near the coast, and when limiting the analysis to these sites the discrepancy between models and observations becomes even larger: The measurements show a strong seasonal cycle with PBL heights in summer (~1600 m) about double as high as in winter (~800 m) while the models show almost no seasonal variation and a strong underestimation in summer.…”

Section: Planetary Boundary Layer Heightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of meteorological performance of coupled chemistry-meteorology models in the context of AQMEII phase 2

Brunner

Savage

Jorba

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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Date of Acceptance: 12/12/2014 Copyright The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/)Air pollution simulations critically depend on the quality of the underlying meteorology. In phase 2 of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII-2), thirteen modeling groups from Europe and four groups from North America operating eight different regional coupled chemistry and meteorology models participated in a coordinated model evaluation exercise. Each group simulated the year 2010 for a domain covering either Europe or North America or both. Here were present an operational analysis of model performance with respect to key meteorological variables relevant for atmospheric chemistry processes and air quality. These parameters include temperature and wind speed at the surface and in the vertical profile, incoming solar radiation at the ground, precipitation, and planetary boundary layer heights. A similar analysis was performed during AQMEII phase 1 (Vautard etal., 2012) for offline air quality models not directly coupled to the meteorological model core as the model systems investigated here. Similar to phase 1, we found significant overpredictions of 10-m wind speeds by most models, more pronounced during night than during daytime. The seasonal evolution of temperature was well captured with monthly mean biases below 2K over all domains. Solar incoming radiation, precipitation and PBL heights, on the other hand, showed significant spread between models and observations suggesting that major challenges still remain in the simulation of meteorological parameters relevant for air quality and for chemistry-climate interactions at the regional scale

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Section: Planetary Boundary Layer Heightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of meteorological performance of coupled chemistry-meteorology models in the context of AQMEII phase 2

Brunner

Savage

Jorba

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Sea breezes are known for trapping pollutants emitted from the surface layer of the coastal regions (e.g. McKendry, 1989;Miller et al, 2003). WRF-Chem simulates sea breezes from 10:00 to 19:00 UTC at the Moroccan coast of the Atlantic Ocean.…”

Section: Interaction Of Sea Breezes With Continental Dust Outflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust plume formation in the free troposphere and aerosol size distribution during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment in North Africa

Khan¹,

Stenchikov²,

Weinzierl³

et al. 2015

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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Dust particles mixed in the free troposphere have longer lifetimes than airborne particles near the surface. Their cumulative radiative impact on earth's meteorological processes and climate might be significant despite their relatively small contribution to total dust abundance. One example is the elevated dust-laden Saharan Air Layer (SAL) over the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic, which cools the sea surface. To understand the formation mechanisms of a dust layer in the free troposphere, this study combines model simulations and dust observations collected during the first stage of the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment (SAMUM-I), which sampled dust events that extended from Morocco to Portugal, and investigated the spatial distribution and the microphysical, optical, chemical, and radiative properties of Saharan mineral dust. The Weather Research Forecast model coupled with the Chemistry/Aerosol module (WRF-Chem) is employed to reproduce the meteorological environment and spatial and size distributions of dust. The model domain covers northwest Africa and adjacent water with 5 km horizontal grid spacing and 51 vertical layers. The experiments were run from 20 May to 9 June 2006, covering the period of the most intensive dust outbreaks. Comparisons of model results with available airborne and ground-based observations show that WRF-Chem reproduces observed meteorological fields as well as aerosol distribution across the entire region and along the airplane's tracks. Several mechanisms that cause aerosol entrainment into the free troposphere are evaluated and it is found that orographic lifting, and interaction of sea breeze with the continental outflow are key mechanisms that form a surface-detached aerosol plume over the ocean. The model dust emission scheme is tuned to simultaneously fit the observed total optical depth and the ratio of aerosol optical depths generated by fine and coarse dust modes. Comparisons of simulated dust size distributions with airplane and ground-based observations are good for optically important 0.4Á0.7 mm particles, but suggest that more detailed treatment of microphysics in the model is required to capture the full-scale effect of large and very small aerosol particles beyond the above range.

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“…Previous studies in Australasia include sea breeze investigations by Abbs (1986) and Physick et al (1989) in the Melbourne region, Noonan & Smith (1987) for the Cape York Peninsula, McKendry et al (1988) for the Canterbury Plains, and McKendry (1989) for the Auckland region. Verification studies have been carried out by Pielke & Mahrer (1978), Segal et al (1982), and Steyn & McKendry (1988).…”

Section: Model and Input Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of sea breeze interactions over the Auckland region, New Zealand

McKendry

1992

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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The Colorado State University mesoscale model is used to investigate the influence of gradient wind direction on migratory sea breeze convergence zones (SBCZs) that develop over an irregular coastline incorporating two narrow peninsulas. Results, which are in good qualitative agreement with observations, reveal that SBCZ dynamics are strongly influenced by the extent to which flow is either subparallel or perpendicular to the orientation of the major coastlines. The local coastal configuration is also shown to be the dominant factor controlling the location of zones of intense vertical motion associated with SBCZs. A notable aspect of the study was the simulation of a late afternoon mesoscale cyclonic eddy caused by the interaction of sea breezes during southeasterly gradient flow. Further observations are recommended to verify the existence of this phenomenon.Keywords sea breezes; Auckland; convergence zones; wind-field modelling; peninsulas; mesoscale atmospheric circulations In this study, the Colorado State University mesoscale model is used to investigate the effect of gradient wind direction on the location, dynamics, and intensity of SBCZs that develop over the Auckland region. This mid-latitude coastal environmen t is characterised by two narrow peninsulas of a scale considered to be ideal for the development of strong sea breeze convergence features (Abe & Yoshida 1982). As well as having im]X)rtant implications for local forecasting, recreation (especially sailing), aviation, and air quality, this study provides an opportunity to examine sea breeze interactions that occur at a scale and complexity not previously investigated in the literature. Furthermore, in the absence of a dense mesoscale observation network over the region, application of a mesoscale model permits a high-resolution three-dimensional perspective on local airflow that incorporates those data-sparse regions (i.e. the Hauraki Gulf) which are of prime impodance in forecasting.BACKGROUND

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Numerical simulation of sea breezes over the Auckland region, New Zealand ? Air quality implications

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Comparative analysis of meteorological performance of coupled chemistry-meteorology models in the context of AQMEII phase 2

Comparative analysis of meteorological performance of coupled chemistry-meteorology models in the context of AQMEII phase 2

Dust plume formation in the free troposphere and aerosol size distribution during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment in North Africa

Numerical simulation of sea breeze interactions over the Auckland region, New Zealand

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