Numerical simulation of reaction injection molding with polyurethane foam

Samkhaniani, Nima; Gharehbaghi, A.; Ahmadi, Zahed

doi:10.1177/0021955x13485594

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The coefficient

C_{α}

controls the weight of the compression flux and should usually be in the range of unity (

1.0 < C_{α} < 4.0

) . In the present study, the compression factor

C_{α} = 1.0

is applied.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The evaluation of the diffuse interface method for phase change simulations using OpenFOAM

Samkhaniani

Ansari

2017

Heat Trans. Asian Res.

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In the present study, a new solver named phaseChangeHeatFoam is implemented on the OpenFOAM cfd package to simulate boiling and condensation. The solver is capturing the interface between two immiscible phases with a color function volume of fluid (CF‐VOF) method. The two fluids (vapor and liquid) are assumed Newtonian and incompressible. The surface tension is modeled with continuous surface force (CSF) which is improved with a Lafaurie filter to suppress the spurious current. The mass flux across the interface in the phase change process is determined by either Lee or Tanasawa mass transfer models. Additionally, the slight variation of saturation temperature with local pressure is considered with the simplified Clausius–Clapeyron relation. The coupled velocity pressure equation is solved using the PIMPLE algorithm. The new solver is validated and examined with (i) Stefan problem, (ii) two‐dimensional film boiling, (iii) the film condensation on a horizontal plate, (iv) the laminar film condensation over a vertical plate, and (v) bubble condensation in subcooled boiling. The present study shows the capability of a diffuse interface method in accurate simulation of the phase change process and it is expected to be instructive for further numerical studies in this area.

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“…The coefficient

C_{α}

controls the weight of the compression flux and should usually be in the range of unity (

1.0 < C_{α} < 4.0

) . In the present study, the compression factor

C_{α} = 1.0

is applied.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coefficient controls the weight of the compression flux and should usually be in the range of unity (1.0 < < 4.0). 28,48,49 In the present study, the compression factor = 1.0 is applied. The large compression factor increases the non-physical spurious current in the vicinity of the interface.…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of the diffuse interface method for phase change simulations using OpenFOAM

Samkhaniani

Ansari

2017

Heat Trans. Asian Res.

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show abstract

“…For polyurethane processing, the already published studies on process simulation can be divided into the manufacturing processes reactive injection moulding (RIM) [1,2], resin transfer moulding (RTM) [3] and reactive extrusion (REX) [4]. Within these categories, it is to be distinguished whether the simulations are used to illustrate the manufacturing process of a product made of a compact or foamed PUR material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Prediction of Fast Curing Polyurethane Resins by Model-Free Isoconversional Methods

Stanko

Stommel

2018

Polymers

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Abstract:In this work, the characterisation of reaction kinetics of a methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)-based fast curing polyurethane resin (PUR) and the mathematical description of its curing process are presented. For the modelling of the reaction process isoconversional methods, which are also called model-free approaches, are used instead of model-based approaches. One of the main challenges is the characterisation of a reactive system with a short pot life, which already starts to crosslink below room temperature. The main focus is the evaluation of the applicability of isoconversional methods for predicting the reaction kinetics of fast curing polyurethane resins. In order to realise this, a repeatable methodology for the determination of time-and temperature-dependent reaction curves using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is defined. The cure models defined by this method serve as the basis for process simulations of PUR processing technologies such as resin transfer moulding (RTM) or reactive injection moulding (RIM) and reactive extrusion (REX). The characterisation of the reaction kinetics using DSC measurements is carried out under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Within this work isoconversional methods have been applied successfully to experimentally determined DSC data sets. It is shown that the reaction kinetics of fast curing polyurethane resins can be predicted using this methods. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the time-dependent change of conversion of the considered polyurethane under isothermal curing conditions can also be predicted using isoconversional methods based on non-isothermal DSC measurements. This results in a significant reduction in the experimental effort required to characterise and model the curing process of polyurethanes.

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“…Diphenylmethane 4,4‐diisocyanate with 28.5% content of isocyanate groups was purchased from Huntsman Polyurethanes, and distilled water was used as blowing agent. The possible reaction between polyol and isocyanate has been mentioned in many papers .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This high flammability of PU flexible foam originates from an open cell structure possessing low density. As a result, oxygen can easily move through the microscopic channels that cause smoldering cigarette or electrical shock . These all put emphasis on the use of nanoparticles in PU foams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of nanoclay‐incorporated polyurethane flexible foam composites

Rastin

Ahmadi

Saeb

et al. 2015

Vinyl Additive Technology

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The present work seeks to investigate microstructure, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of polyurethane/nanoclay flexible foam composites. In this regard, we prepared various nanocomposites with and without nanoclay and observed the resulting morphologies to correlate them with the other corresponding characteristics. The results provided support for the fact that tensile strength and compression set will increase with nanoclay content, while elongation at break and tear strength decrease to some extent. Flame-retardancy test results showed that the introduction of nanoclay into the polyurethane flexible foam causes an almost optimal trend in the flame retardancy over clay content. The microcellular-properties correlations were established on account of changes in microcell architecture. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 22:415-422,

show abstract

Numerical simulation of reaction injection molding with polyurethane foam

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

The evaluation of the diffuse interface method for phase change simulations using OpenFOAM

The evaluation of the diffuse interface method for phase change simulations using OpenFOAM

Kinetic Prediction of Fast Curing Polyurethane Resins by Model-Free Isoconversional Methods

Microstructure, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of nanoclay‐incorporated polyurethane flexible foam composites

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