“…A number of previous experimental and numerical studies have explored the wake flow field and mass transport associated with more traditional flexible net panels (Bi et al 2013;Cha et al 2013;Chen et al 2019;Tsukrov et al 2003), with several studies finding wake flow characteristics for steady currents through a flexible net panel to be dependent on the net properties and incoming flow conditions (Klebert et al 2013;Laws and Livesey 1978;Tsukrov et al 2011). Specifically, Bi et al (2013) examined the wake flow field for a steady current through flexible polyethylene and polyamide net panels, observing a significant velocity reduction that depended on net solidity and the net inclination angle to the current.…”