Numerical Simulation of Levee Breaching Due to Overtopping Flows Considering Suspended Sediment

Simulation of Bar Formation and Levee Breaching Based on Numerical Model in Curvilinear Coordinate System

“…Although the value of 8 is often used for 𝑎 in equation (5), 𝑎 = 16 was used in levee breaching case for the No. 5 silica sand in consideration of the sediment transport characteristics and the erosion process when the grain size is large, which was verified in the previous numerical simulation 12) . The bed load rates, 𝑞 𝑏𝑠 and 𝑞 𝑏𝑛 , are subsequently converted into 𝑞 𝑏 𝜉 and 𝑞 𝑏 𝜂 within the curvilinear coordinate system through coordinate transformation.…”

“…According to Fig. 6, the seepage surface gradually propagated towards the back slope of the dike as time progressed, and the infiltration process was found to be aligned with the positions observed in the experimental results 12) , although the corresponding figure 12) is not included in this study. Furthermore, as the erosion progresses, there is an observed increase in the overflow depth on the crest of the dike.…”

“…The numerical model for flows and bed deformation is applied to simulate the experiment carried out by Onda et al 12) . The detailed schematic diagram of the experimental dike is presented in Fig.…”

“…Therefore, a three-dimensional model is necessary. Onda et al 11),12) utilized a three-dimensional flow model incorporating both equilibrium and non-equilibrium sediment transport models to simulate the dike failure process within a Cartesian coordinate system. Kajigawa 13) employed FAVOR method in Cartesian grids to simulate the bar formation in the meandering channel.…”

“…In this study, a three-dimensional flow model which simulates simultaneously surface and seepage flows in a curvilinear coordinate system incorporating an equilibrium sediment transport model is developed. The performance of the model is evaluated by analyzing the numerical results, including comparisons with experimental data of the bed deformation in the meandering channel 1) and the dike breaching process 12) .…”