Numerical Simulation of Ice Crystal Accretion Inside an Engine Core Stator

Nilamdeen, Shezad; Rao, Vinod; Switchenko, David; Selvanayagam, Jeyatharsan; Ozcer, Isik; Baruzzi, Guido S.

doi:10.4271/2019-01-2017

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Nilamdeen et al 2019 [16] Modified from their model [7] by adding the term of particle melt ratio; Mean particle size is used. Currie et al 2014 and2019 [17, 19] Net sticking efficiency is a function of particle melt ratio, total water content, surface normal angle, particle velocity and particle size.…”

Section: Glaciatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the increased interest in ICI in engine cores, where warm gas temperatures above freezing point are expected, some new or refined sticking-erosion models have been developed in recent years. The sticking model proposed by Nilamdeen et al [7] for ICI at mixed-phase conditions was adapted through the addition of a dependency on particle melt ratio (MR) allowing partially melted particles to stick to walls [16]. The modified model adequately predicted an ice accretion on a crowned cylinder test article.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sticking–Erosion Model for Ice Crystal Icing Using Particle Size Distribution

Yang,

McGilvray,

Gillespie

2023

AIAA Journal

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Ice crystal icing has been identified as a threat to aviation safety, with hundred engine power loss events having been experienced since the 1990s. This has led to new type certification requirements for the industry to demonstrate safe operation in these environmental conditions. The sticking and erosion behaviors of ice crystals are critical factors in ice crystal icing. However, many existing sticking–erosion models are developed based on ice crystals using the mean particle diameter for experimental tests that have a broad distribution of size. This leads to biasing when a different distribution with the same mean particle diameter is considered. This paper develops a new sticking–erosion model that accounts for the particle size distribution seen in experimental data typical of glaciated icing conditions. The results of model are compared to experimental accretion data over a range of melt ratio, Mach number, test article geometry, and particle size distribution. The predicted accretion profiles agree reasonably with experiments. The mean difference of the ice tip thickness between predictions and experiments is approximately 2.8 mm, compared to the mean ice tip thickness of 12.0 mm. The plateau effect of melt ratio on accretion is adequately predicted. More severe accretion of the small- to medium-sized ice crystals is observed. The predicted net accretion efficiency of large particles ([Formula: see text]) is small and is shown to be negative due to the effect of erosion. This concurs with the experimental observation that the presence of large ice particles is critical to reducing the ice accretion rate.

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Section: Glaciatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sticking–Erosion Model for Ice Crystal Icing Using Particle Size Distribution

Yang,

McGilvray,

Gillespie

2023

AIAA Journal

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“…The methods to obtain icing include a wind tunnel test, flight test, and numerical calculation. The test has the disadvantages of high cost, long cycle, and limited equipment conditions [7][8][9]. Therefore, many countries are committed to studying numerical calculation methods for aircraft icing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Droplet Collection Efficiency Regularity of NACA0012 Airfoil Based on the Eulerian Method

Wu³

et al. 2023

Aerospace

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Obtaining droplet collection efficiency (DCE) is vital for icing numerical simulations. A droplet impact model based on the Eulerian two-phase flow model was established in this work to analyze the influence of different incoming flow parameters on DCE. Then, the mathematical regularity of the DCE distribution was explored using the parametric description, and the functional relation of the regularity between the incoming condition and the DCE distribution was accomplished. The results showed that the calculated DCE of NACA0012 and the two-dimensional cylinder matched well with the test data. The incoming flow velocity and droplet size, rather than the liquid water content (LWC) of the incoming flow, affected the collection efficiency significantly. The DCE distribution under different conditions was normalized to the same mathematical form with the peak collection efficiency and maximum position. The mathematical form had a highly normal distribution, which was expressed with good regularity of the Reynolds number and droplet diameter. Regularity can greatly reduce the amount of calculation and improve the calculation accuracy, which plays a positive role in the numerical prediction of the icing problem.

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“…27 Therefore, the Eulerian method is widely used for complex geometric structures simulation. 22,28,29 While the most of the above numerical research results are one-way coupling, which the ice crystal trajectory and distribution is carried out based on the air flow calculation results, and the ice crystal movement has no influence on the flow field. For the outflow field, this coupling method is reasonable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 Therefore, the Eulerian method is widely used for complex geometric structures simulation. 22,28,29…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice particle distribution simulation in a transonic axial compressor based on Eulerian evaporation coupling model

Lai

Cheng

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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High-altitude ice crystal icing of aero engine is a serious threat to flight safety. Previous studies on ice crystal icing focused on the influence of air flow on ice crystals, but ice crystals also affect the engine flow field, which is often ignored in the research on the influence of ice crystals on engines. Numerical simulation based on Eulerian method is adopted to realize the two-way coupling between the compressor air flow and the particles in this study. The approach is demonstrated using the NASA compressor stage 35. The changes of compressor and particle parameters with different inlet total water content, relative humidity, and median volume diameter are calculated and analyzed, and the influence of ice crystal on the compressor performance is studied. The results show that the variation of relative humidity has a great influence on the particle temperature, median volume diameter, and wet bulb temperature. Median volume diameter has a great influence on the melt ratio. The variation of total water content has little effect on particle temperature, total water content, median volume diameter, and wet bulb temperature. The particle parameters are affected by the flow field of the compressor. The parameters show that the icing is easy to occur at the leading edge of NASA stage 35 stator. By contrast, the overall compressor characteristics, after ice particle injection, the total pressure ratio, and isentropic efficiency of the compressor are increased without considering ice crystal accretion, and the chocking boundary and stall boundary are not affected.

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Numerical Simulation of Ice Crystal Accretion Inside an Engine Core Stator

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Sticking–Erosion Model for Ice Crystal Icing Using Particle Size Distribution

Sticking–Erosion Model for Ice Crystal Icing Using Particle Size Distribution

Droplet Collection Efficiency Regularity of NACA0012 Airfoil Based on the Eulerian Method

Ice particle distribution simulation in a transonic axial compressor based on Eulerian evaporation coupling model

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