Numerical simulation of heat transfer and chemical reaction of CaO-C porous pellets in the reaction layer of calcium carbide furnace

Towards Sustainable Carbon Return from Waste to Industry via C2-Type Molecular Unit

“…Industrial carbide manufacturing technology is based on electrodes that supply power to the furnace. In the mixture, heat transfer is significantly hindered [ 57 , 63 , 64 ], and considering the high enthalpy of carbide formation according to the equation, the process is carried out at high temperatures up to 2100–2200 °C to melt supplied portions of reagents immediately and reduce the reaction time. The decomposition of carbide at high temperatures is compensated by the fast rate of smelting and sufficient heating of outlying zones of the reaction mixture [ 65 ].…”

Calcium carbide residue – a promising hidden source of hydrogen

“…Many outstanding research methods have been developed that show that carbide production is a complicated process, and that the particle size determines the yield of carbide and the required temperature. [89][90][91][92][93][94] The better the grinding of CaO, the better the yield of carbide and the lower the temperature. If hydrogen generation results in fine ground CaO, the oxide can be directly used in carbide synthesis without additional grinding.…”

Reengineering of the carbon-to-acetylene process featuring negative carbon emission

“…However, because of the highly endothermic nature of CaC 2 formation, this seemingly simple chemical reaction has to be performed industrially in an electric arc furnace at 2000-2300 °C for approximately 2 h to overcome dynamic and thermodynamic restrictions ( poor mass and heat transfer as well as a slow reaction rate). [23][24][25][26] In addition, con-siderable carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions generated from the conversion of limestone (CaCO 3 ) to CaO, as well as a large amount of solid waste of the by-product CaC 2 slag (the main component is insoluble Ca(OH) 2 ), 27 originated from C 2 H 2 generation, have exacerbated the calcium-based carbon-toacetylene process. 28,29 The disadvantages of high temperature, high energy consumption, and high waste emissions in calcium carbide-based C 2 H 2 production have seriously restricted the whole acetylene chemical industry.…”