“…However, chemical pretreatments hold the problems of chemical additives residue (Bai, Sun, Xiao, Mujumdar, & Gao, 2013). Several nonchemical treatment methods for drying have been devised over the past decade, such as the infrared, ultrasound, microwave, superheated steam, and their combinations (Lv, Zhang, Wang, & Adhikari, 2018;Momenzadeh, Zomorodian, & Mowla, 2011;Moraitis & Akriridis, 1998;Nejadi & Nikbakht, 2017). Nejadi and Nikbakht (2017) reported that hybrid fluidized bed-infrared drying of corn led to a 45 -87% saving in drying time.…”