Numerical simulation of air flow and heat transfer in domestic refrigerators

Laguerre, Onrawee; Amara, S. Ben; Moureh, Jean; Flick, Denis

doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.10.029

Cited by 68 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The two compartments share two dimensions, meaning that capacities are proportional to A; thus: (38) Heat transfer coefficients are the sum of the internal cabinet coefficient (h fr , h ref ) and the appliance's outside surface coefficient with the room (h room ). Studies have shown a difference less than 9% between freezer's and refrigerator's heat transfer coefficients (convective plus radiative), by adding the surface's coefficient the sums' difference is less than 4% (3.7%) [31].…”

Section: Equivalent Thermal Models For Multi-compartment Tclsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human in the loop heterogeneous modelling of thermostatically controlled loads for demand side management studies

Kleidaras

Kiprakis

Thompson

2018

Energy

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Index Terms:Demand side management Demand response Thermostatically controlled loads Markov models a b s t r a c t Demand Response (DR) is a Smart Grid technology aiming to provide demand regulation for dynamic pricing and ancillary services to the grid. Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) are among those with the highest potential for DR. Some of the challenges in modelling TCLs is the various factors that affect their duty cycle, mainly human behaviour and external conditions, as well as heterogeneity of TCLs (load parameters). These add an element of stochasticity, with detrimental impact on the aggregated level. Most models developed so far use Wiener processes to represent this behaviour, which in aggregated models, such as those based on Coupled Fokker-Planck Equations (CFPE), have a negligible effect as "white noise". One of the main challenges is modelling the effect of external factors on the state of TCLs' aggregated population and their impact in heterogeneity during operation. Here we show the importance of those factors as well as their detrimental effect in heterogeneity using cold loads as a case study. A bottom up detailed model has been developed starting from thermal modelling to include these factors, real world data was used as input for realistic results. Based on those we found that the duty cycle of some TCLs in the population can change significantly and thus the state of the TCLs' population as a whole. Subsequently, the accuracy of aggregation models assuming relative homogeneity and based on small stochasticity (i.e. Wiener process with typical variance 0.01) is questionable. We anticipate similar realistic models to be used for real world applications and aggregation methods based on them, especially for cold loads and similar TCLs, where external factors and heterogeneity in time are significant. DR control frameworks for TCLs should also be designed with that behaviour in mind and the developed bottom up model can be used to evaluate their accuracy.

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Section: Equivalent Thermal Models For Multi-compartment Tclsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human in the loop heterogeneous modelling of thermostatically controlled loads for demand side management studies

Kleidaras

Kiprakis

Thompson

2018

Energy

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“…For the coupled convection and radiation in a closed cavity, the discrete ordinates model are used widely to solve the problems [14,15]. Therefore, the discrete ordinates method was adopted to solve the radiative transfer equation.…”

Section: Airflow Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical investigation on thermal management of an outdoor battery cabinet

Meng

Zhao

Jin

et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Many forms of electronic equipment such as battery packs and telecom equipment must be stored in harsh outdoor environment. It is essential that these facilities be protected from a wide range of ambient temperatures and solar radiation. Temperature extremes greatly reduce lead-acid based battery performance and shorten battery life. Therefore, it is important to maintain the cabinet temperature within the optimal values between 20 o C and 30 o C to ensure battery stability and to extend battery lifespan. To this end, cabinet enclosures with proper thermal management have been developed to house such electronic equipment in a highly weather tight manner, especially for battery cabinet.In this paper, the flow field and temperature distribution inside an outdoor cabinet are studied experimentally and numerically. The battery cabinets house 24 batteries in two configurations namely, two-layer configuration and six-layer configuration respectively. The cabinet walls are maintained at a constant temperature by a refrigeration system. The cabinet's ability to protect the batteries from an ambient temperature as high as 50 o C is studied. An experimental facility is developed to measure the battery surface temperatures and to validate the numerical simulations. The differences between the experimental and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) results are within 5%.

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“…• It was observed by experiment and by numerical simulation that the heat transfer and airflow in domestic refrigerator are 3D. 45,46 To study this more complex 3D configuration, numerical simulation is presented in the next section.…”

Section: ∼8 MMmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For more thorough study, CFD simulation was carried out within the refrigerating compartment of a domestic refrigerator without a fan. 46 …”

Section: Numerical Simulation In Domestic Refrigeratormentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transfer and Air Flow in a Domestic Refrigerator

Laguerre¹

2010

Mathematical Modeling of Food Processing

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Numerical simulation of air flow and heat transfer in domestic refrigerators

Cited by 68 publications

References 27 publications

Human in the loop heterogeneous modelling of thermostatically controlled loads for demand side management studies

Human in the loop heterogeneous modelling of thermostatically controlled loads for demand side management studies

Experimental and numerical investigation on thermal management of an outdoor battery cabinet

Heat Transfer and Air Flow in a Domestic Refrigerator

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