Numerical prediction of system round-trip efficiency and feasible operating conditions of small-scale solid oxide iron–air battery

Continuous power supply in an integrated electric system supplied by solar energy and battery storage can be optimally maintained with the use of diesel generators. This article discusses the optimum setting-point for isolated wind, photo-voltaic, diesel, and battery storage electric grid systems. Optimal energy supply for hybrid grid systems means that the load is sufficient for 24 h. This study aims to integrate the battery deprivation costs and the fuel price feature in the optimization model for the hybrid grid. In order to count charge–discharge cycles and measure battery deprivation, the genetic algorithm concept is utilized. To solve the target function, an ANN-based algorithm with genetic coefficients can also be used to optimize the power management system. In the objective function, a weight factor is proposed. Specific weight factor values are considered for simulation studies. On the algorithm actions, charging status, and its implications for the optimized expense of the hybrid grid, the weight factor effect is measured.

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“…A model of the battery energy efficiency presented in the study by Ohmori et al (2016) is used as follows:…”

Section: Battery Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Management of Hybrid Grid System With Battery Deprivation Cost Using Artificial Neural Network

et al. 2021

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“…However, there are a few reports on bifunctional catalysts for Mg–air batteries in the past two years . Meanwhile, aluminum–/iron–air batteries are under the similar condition . Thus, it is extremely important to develop new bifunctional catalysts for high‐performance rechargeable Mg–air, Al–air, and Fe–air batteries.…”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalysis of Rechargeable Non‐Lithium Metal–Air Batteries

Zhao

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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As the critical component for rechargeable metal-air batteries, bifunctional catalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are under the intensive investigation for different systems. [1] Noble metals and their alloys are first introduced for metal-air batteries, especially for the good ORR performance of Pt. Later, nonprecious metal oxides and their composites are applied for their low price and comparable good catalytic performance. [21][22][23][24] Lately, various 3D structured and metalfree carbon catalysts are developed for their large specific surface area, good corrosion resistance, high stability, and low price. [25][26][27][28] In general, nanocrystals and complex nanostructures represent a world of new possibilities and exciting opportunities. Their morphologies and composition are highly tunable and controllable, which can expose different facets and cause different atomic arrangements on the surface, leading to the enhanced ORR and/or OER performance. Meanwhile, soluble catalysts are also very important in Li-/Na-air battery systems. So far, ethyl viologen redox couple, halide anions, aromatic compounds, quiones/quinoids, and transition metal complexes have been successfully applied in metal-air systems, where the battery shows much improved battery cyclic life and smaller overpotential. [29,30] In respect of the rapid growth of investigations, we summarize the recent progress of secondary non-lithium metal-air batteries, discuss the important issues of electrochemical reactions and bifunctional catalysts. Future perspectives are offered in the end, which should shed light on further research and design of bifunctional catalysts for secondary metal-air batteries. This mini review is organized in the following sequence: Na-air battery, Zn-air battery, and others like K-/Mg-air batteries. Sodium-Air BatteriesRecently, the substitution of lithium by sodium has been a promising solution to surpass Li-air limitations of high price, lower Coulombic efficiency, and large overpotential. [31][32][33][34] During the typical electrochemical process of Na-air battery, the sodium metal is oxidized and sodium ions migrate across the organic/ organic-aqueous electrolyte. After oxygen dissolving in the regions of electrolyte near cathode, superoxide species (O 2 − ) are generated, where sodium superoxide is then formed as the discharge product. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] The schematic diagram of a typical Na-air Rechargeable metal-air batteries show great promise in replacing conventional batteries due to their high theoretical energy density and infinite oxygen fuel from air. Rechargeable non-Li-air batteries display the benefits of low price, high Coulombic efficiency, and small overpotential. Whereas in the case of Li-air batteries, the occurring electrocatalysis is intensively investigated, the situation is much less studied in the case of non-lithium metal-air batteries. In this progress report, recent developments of secondary non-lithium metal-air batteries are su...

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“…An iron–air battery is one method to implement as a practical system and is often referred to as a solid oxide iron–air battery (SOIAB) or a solid oxide redox flow battery (SORFB). Several studies have been conducted to estimate operation performance. − Ohmori et al conducted numerical modeling of the SOIAB system and evaluated its performance by calculating the round-trip efficiency. , Although most of the previous studies focused on cell performance and simplified the redox reaction between iron oxide and H 2 /H 2 O gas by considering mathematical models, the reactivity of iron oxide particles can be determined under complicated reaction conditions, such as the pressure, temperature, reactant gas composition, and lifetime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation of Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems Using Metal Oxides

et al. 2022

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The storage of fluctuating renewable energy is critical to increasing its utilization. In this study, we investigate an energy conversion and storage system with high energy density, called the chemical looping solid oxide cell (CL-SOC) system, from the integrated perspectives of redox kinetics and system design. The proposed system generates electricity, reproduces hydrogen, and stores it via metal oxide redox reactions in combination with a standard pressure fluidized bed reactor and a reversible solid oxide cell (SOC). We conducted redox kinetic analyses of Fe supported on an Fe-doped calcium titanate carrier in redox reaction using the modified shrinking core model and determined the scale of a fluidized bed reactor by developing the numerical Kunii–Levenspiel reactor model. Furthermore, the SOC redox system was modeled to estimate the round-trip efficiency and the system cost. The CL-SOC system achieved a stable hydrogen charge and discharge rate operation (i.e., constant redox reaction rate) in the fluidized bed reactor. It also achieved the reduction of system cost compared to the conventional high-pressure hydrogen storage system. In addition, the levelized cost of storage, including electricity costs, was calculated, and the advantage was also discussed. In this way, this study describes the integrated method of the CL-SOC system evaluation, which will provide a guide for material and system design.

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Numerical prediction of system round-trip efficiency and feasible operating conditions of small-scale solid oxide iron–air battery

Cited by 16 publications

References 41 publications

Power Management of Hybrid Grid System With Battery Deprivation Cost Using Artificial Neural Network

Power Management of Hybrid Grid System With Battery Deprivation Cost Using Artificial Neural Network

Electrocatalysis of Rechargeable Non‐Lithium Metal–Air Batteries

Design and Evaluation of Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems Using Metal Oxides

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