Numerical prediction of ice rubble field loads on the Norströmsgrund lighthouse using cohesive element formulation

Numerical study of ice loads on different interfaces based on cohesive element formulation

“…Mulmule and Dempsey 24 applied cohesive element to ice mechanics analysis to provide a new approach for sea ice fragmentation problems. The cohesive element method (CEM) relies on the mathematical framework of conventional FEM and can explicitly describe the viscous cracks and fracture process of ice 25 . As a convenient and reliable numerical method, the CEM has been widely used in fracture simulation of ice-structure interaction [26][27][28][29][30] .…”

Ice-Induced Vibration Analysis of Offshore Platform Structures Based on Cohesive Element Method

“…Advancements in numerical simulation technology have significantly expanded the limited observations from experiments by improving the understanding of ice loads on offshore platforms. Various numerical methods, such as the discrete element method (Tang et al [9]; Jang et al [10]; Long et al [11]; Liu et al [12]; Ji et al [13]), extended finite element method (Guo et al [14]; Xu et al [15]; Li et al [16]), and cohesive element method (CEM) (Liu et al [17]; Liu et al [18]; Wang et al [19,20]; Patil et al [21]; Feng et al [22]; Zhan et al [23]), have been developed to simulate the force process of sea ice. These methods have been used to investigate ice-induced vibration and fracture mechanisms in different scenarios, and simulation models have been validated against experimental data, providing insights into ice-offshore-platform interactions.…”

“…Wang et al [19,20] incorporated an elastoplastic linear softening constitutive model into the regular triangular prism element to characterize microcracking in ice sheets. Patil et al [21] proposed a composite formula for cohesive elements to simulate the structural interaction of an ice gravel field, but the hexahedral mesh failed to accurately represent the actual crack pattern. Feng et al [22] developed the CEM model to simulate ice-structure interaction and investigated the sensitivity of parameters defining stress-strain curves for block elements and Traction-Separation Law (TSL) parameters defining cohesive elements.…”

Investigation of the fracture mechanism of level ice with extended finite element method

“…In the prediction of ice load for level ice, empirical formulas are widely used in the initial stages of polar ship design and are acknowledged to be an effective method for engineering applications (Lindqvist, 1989;Keinonen et al, 1996;Riska et al, 1997). Lindqvist (1989) formula assumes that the level ice resistance on a ship is the sum of the resistance induced by level ice bending, crushing and submersion.…”