Numerical performance analysis of solid oxide fuel cell stacks with internal ammonia cracking

Rizvandi, Omid Babaie; Nemati, Arash; Nami, Hossein; Hendriksen, Peter Vang; Frandsen, Henrik Lund

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.05.321

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the CLEAN project, ammonia is employed as fuel since it does not include many of the constraints a liquid hydrogen aircraft contains, such as the needed fuel volume for sufficient range and thermal control to maintain cryogenic temperatures. The ammonia can be broken down into hydrogen and nitrogen through thermal cracking [21][22][23] . This cracking can be done internally on the SOFC anode or with an externally heated catalyst bed.…”

Section: Technology Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Free Fuels Can Increase Aviation-Induced Cloudiness

Vasel-Be-Hagh,

Cannon,

Hagan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This study evaluates the potential of a newly introduced carbon-free, ammonia-powered propulsion system in contrast to conventional propulsions powered by jet fuel in forming condensation trails (contrails). Contrail formation in an airplane's wake relies on two main prerequisites. Firstly, the system's thermodynamics must lead to supersaturation. Secondly, aerosol particles must be present to provide surfaces for solidification, enabling the formation of visible ice crystals. While this study primarily analyzes the first requirement, it leverages the insights gained to comment on the second prerequisite, arguing that although ammonia does not generate soot particles, it dramatically warms the critical temperature required for supersaturation. Therefore, given that aerosol particles are consistently generated or released into the atmosphere through natural and human-made processes, which is why natural clouds can form anyway, increased critical temperatures caused by ammonia result in contrails that would not occur if jet fuel were employed. Hence, while ammonia's contrail might not be as dense as jet fuel's as it lacks soot particles in the exhaust gas, it can form at lower altitudes where the air is warmer. Moreover, it can endure longer due to the increased water content, which preserves supersaturation for longer as fresh air dilutes the contrail.

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Section: Technology Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Free Fuels Can Increase Aviation-Induced Cloudiness

Vasel-Be-Hagh,

Cannon,

Hagan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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show abstract

“…[33e35], respectively. The stack model used in this study is the same as the one used in our recent study on the ammonia-fueled operation of the SOFC stack [38]. The geometric and modeling parameters used in this study are the same as those used in Ref.…”

Section: Stack Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This concept is however challenged if any chemical reactions, such as ammonia cracking, are occurring through the thickness of the electrode. This challenge is however addressed analytically [38], enabling fast computations without employing much more computationally demanding numerical sub-models.…”

Section: Stack Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Rizvandi et al [38] developed a stack-scale model aimed at investigating the performance of an SOFC stack under direct and pre-cracked ammonia operations. Moreover, the model was used to study the effects of various factors, including co-and counter-flow configurations, gas inflow temperatures, current density, and air flow rate, on the stack performance under direct ammonia-fueled operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our recent studies [33e37], we have used a multi-scale approach to make the stack-scale simulations of SOCs feasible on typical computational workstations. In our recent study, this approach was employed to investigate the operation of an ammonia-fueled SOFC stack [38]. The utilization of this approach enabled us to explore numerous design options and operating conditions within a short timeframe due to the efficiency of the model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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