Numerical optimization of conduction cooled current leads for low current applications

Lehtonen, J.; Korpela, A.; Mikkonen, R.; Tuisku, Juha

doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2005.01.004

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…ṁ and Cp He are the helium mass flow rate and the specific heat, respectively. h is the convective heat transfer coefficient between the helium gas and leads and can be computed as follows [32,64]:…”

Section: Heat Balance Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The design of YBCO binary current leads and its electromagnetic-thermal coupling analysis based on PEEC and finite volume method

Zheng

Liu

Song

et al. 2023

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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A superconducting magnet system is developed for the application of high frequency gyrotrons at XXX. The operation cost for the magnet is dominated by refrigeration power. To reduce the heat load for cryogenic system, a pair of YBCO binary current leads is designed in consideration of the industrial concentration on type II high temperature superconducting (HTS) YBCO material. In this paper, a simulation model is proposed to perform the electromagnetic-thermal coupling analysis of these YBCO binary leads under different operation conditions by combining Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method and Finite Volume Method (FVM). The simulation code can improve computational efficiency and enable high-accuracy coupling between the electromagnetic field and heat transfer process. Under steady state, the heat leakage at 4.2 K cold end of YBCO binary leads depends mainly on the geometric parameters of YBCO tape, especially the cross-sectional area of the copper layer in YBCO tape. The cooling mode and liquid helium level also have a significant impact on the heat leakage level. The optimal outer diameter of the normal copper section is identified, and the optimum value is largely influenced by the effective cooling power imposed on the cold end of the normal copper section. Under transient state, the simulation for charging process and the loss of cooling accident are performed, along with the detailed analysis of the electromagnetic-thermal response features of the leads under these conditions. The results indicate that the YBCO binary current leads possess high thermal stability and an ample time margin for the magnet system to be demagnetized.

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Section: Heat Balance Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The design of YBCO binary current leads and its electromagnetic-thermal coupling analysis based on PEEC and finite volume method

Zheng

Liu

Song

et al. 2023

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…The metallic current leads for conductioncooled application are mostly made of copper or brass. Optimization of conduction-cooled current lead for specific current value is a well established technique [7][8]. The magnets may, however, not necessarily be operated at the optimized current all the time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peformance test and thermal analysis of conduction-cooled optimized current leads at non-optimum operation

Kar¹,

Konduru²,

Kumar³

et al. 2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Current leads are the key components which make an electrical connection between room temperature power supply and superconducting magnets at 4.2 K. In any cryogenfree magnet system, major heat input comes from the copper current leads of the magnet. The dimensional optimization of the copper part of the hybrid current leads is done for a particular operating current between room temperature to the operating temperature of the 1 st stage of cryocooler (CCR). The conduction-cooled magnet may not necessarily be operated at the optimized current all the time. Hence for non-optimum current, the heat input per unit current will be increased both at under-current and over-current operation. The stabilized temperature, of the 1 st stage of CCR corresponding to each operating current, would mainly be governed by the dynamic heat input by the current lead. A pair of copper current leads working between the temperatures 300 K to 33 K has been optimized for 85 A optimum current. A simple analytical technique has been used for estimation of dynamic heat load at non-optimum operation. This paper describes the optimization procedure, estimation of dynamic heat input, measurement and detailed thermal analysis of conduction-cooled current leads at non-optimum operation.

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Multiplicities and thermal runaway of current leads for superconducting magnets

Krikkis¹

2017

Cryogenics

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Numerical optimization of conduction cooled current leads for low current applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

The design of YBCO binary current leads and its electromagnetic-thermal coupling analysis based on PEEC and finite volume method

The design of YBCO binary current leads and its electromagnetic-thermal coupling analysis based on PEEC and finite volume method

Peformance test and thermal analysis of conduction-cooled optimized current leads at non-optimum operation

Multiplicities and thermal runaway of current leads for superconducting magnets

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