Numerical modelling of toppling

Pritchard, M. C.; Savigny, K. Wayne

doi:10.1139/t90-095

Cited by 73 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…The equations to reach other geometric parameters including a1, a2, b and yn can be addressed in Appendix A. It is shown that the interface between deformation blocks and the base is stepped, and its overall dip ψb can be valued in the range shown in Equation (1) [8,14,23]. It is shown that the interface between deformation blocks and the base is stepped, and its overall dip ψ b can be valued in the range shown in Equation (1) [8,14,23].…”

Section: Mechanical Model and Analytical Solution To Toppling Slope Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analytical Solution for Block Toppling Failure of Rock Slopes during an Earthquake

Guo

Yang

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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Toppling failure is one of the most common failure types in the field. It always occurs in rock masses containing a group of dominant discontinuities dipping into the slope. Post-earthquake investigation has shown that many toppling rock slope failures have occurred during earthquakes. In this study, an analytical solution is presented on the basis of limit equilibrium analysis. The acceleration of seismic load as well as joint persistence within the block base, were considered in the analysis. The method was then applied into a shake table test of an anti-dip layered slope model. As predicted from the analytical method, blocks topple or slide from slope crest to toe progressively and the factor of safety decreases as the inputting acceleration increases. The results perfectly duplicate the deformation features and stability condition of the physical model under the shake table test. It is shown that the presented method is more universal than the original one and can be adopted to evaluate the stability of the slope with potential toppling failure under seismic loads.

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Section: Mechanical Model and Analytical Solution To Toppling Slope Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analytical Solution for Block Toppling Failure of Rock Slopes during an Earthquake

Guo

Yang

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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“…It is a mass movement of rock on a slope characterized by downslope overturning, which can involves flexure, rotation and interaction of rock blocks (Pritchard and Savigny, 1990;Alejano et al, 2010). Toppling has been commonly classified into four principal types: block toppling, flexural toppling, blockflexural toppling, and secondary toppling (Goodman and Bray, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toppling process can be triggered by natural factors (rainfalls, earthquakes, etc.) (Hack et al, 2007) as well as human engineering activities (Pritchard and Savigny, 1990;Tu et al, 2007;Huang et al, 2013), and it can pose a serious hazard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case study integrating numerical simulation and GB-InSAR monitoring to analyze flexural toppling of an anti-dip slope in Fushun open pit

Zhao

Jin-an

Li³

et al. 2015

Engineering Geology

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Toppling failure of rock slopes is a complicated mode due to a combination of both continuous and discontinuous deformation, especially in dealing with anti-dip rock slopes. In this paper, a novel continuum-based discrete element method (CDEM), which is useful in modeling the entire progressive process from continuous to discontinuous deformation, is proposed to analyze the deformation characteristics, the failure mechanism and the evolution process of a large-scale open pit slope with a typical anti-dip structure. To simulate the slope deformation, the shear strength reduction method (SSR) is adopted to represent the strength degradation of rock mass in the deterioration process. The simulated results are validated using data obtained from a field investigation and continuous monitoring by employing an advanced remote sensing technique called ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (GB-InSAR). To analyze the evolution trend of the anti-dip slope, the subsequent toppling failure mode is predicted using the validated CDEM models. Based on a case study of a slope at the Fushun open pit mine (in Fushun, China), the unique geological structure with various joints and discontinuities, groundwater, intense rainfall, and mining activities are identified as the main triggers for different failure stages. The comparison between the field data and the simulation shows that CDEM accurately depicts the rock deformation and the failure pattern of the studied slope. The proposed numerical modeling techniques can be used for predicting failures of other similar excavated rock slopes. The simulated evolution process and the recorded deformation patterns help engineers to gain a better understanding of rock mass movement of anti-dip slopes, and the presented methodology could be utilized for similar studies and engineering designs.

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“…Discontinuum-based methods such as distinct element code (UDEC) and discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), by contrast, have achieved great success in accounting for the kinematics of discrete blocks and have been widely used to investigate the toppling failure mechanisms of rock slope [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, all the analyzed rock masses are assumed to be divided by fully-persistent joints, fracturing through intact rock-bridge is not taken into consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to accurately predict rock slope failure, including both fracturing through intact rock mass and kinematic behavior of a failed rock slope, a lot of methods have been developed. Pritchard and Savigny [7] used UDEC to model the failure mechanism of flexural toppling. A linear elastic-plastic constitutive relationship was assigned to blocks, when the strength of the block material was reached, slope fracture failure occurred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons between centrifuge and numerical modeling results for slope toppling failure

Chen

Gong

et al. 2015

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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This paper presents series studies on the toppling mechanism by centrifuge tests and numerical simulations. Two different discrete element methods, i.e., the continuum-based discrete element method (CDEM) and the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), are adopted. The modeling results show that both the methods can accurately capture the failure modes of the centrifuge tests, including three distinct zones and two failure surfaces. Comparisons are made between the physical test and numerical simulation results. The critical inclination angle of the tilting table where the slope models are fixed on can be moderately predicted by the two methods, with different degrees of precision. The error between the test results and the simulated results is within 1% for the slope models without rock-bridges by both CDEM and DDA. However, it is amplified for the staggered-joint models that simulate the rock-bridges. With DDA, the average error is about 5%, and the maximum error is up to 17%. While with CDEM, the errors for the aligned-joint models are ranged from 1% to 6%, and it is from 10% to 29% for the staggered-joint models. The two numerical methods show the capability in simulating toppling failure of blocky rock mass with and without rock-bridges. The model with rock-bridges which provides a certain bending resistance is more stable than the one without any rock-bridge. In addition, the two failure surfaces were observed, which is different from the common understanding that only one failure surface appears. rock slope model, toppling failure, rock-bridge, centrifuge test, continuum based discrete element method, discontinuous deformation analysis Citation:Chen Z Y, Gong W J, Ma G W, et al. Comparisons between centrifuge and numerical modeling results for slope toppling failure.

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Numerical modelling of toppling

Cited by 73 publications

References 0 publications

An Analytical Solution for Block Toppling Failure of Rock Slopes during an Earthquake

An Analytical Solution for Block Toppling Failure of Rock Slopes during an Earthquake

A case study integrating numerical simulation and GB-InSAR monitoring to analyze flexural toppling of an anti-dip slope in Fushun open pit

Comparisons between centrifuge and numerical modeling results for slope toppling failure

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