Numerical Modelling of Rain-Wind-Induced Vibration: Erasmus Bridge, Rotterdam

Geurts, C.P.W.; Vrouwenvelder, Ton; Staalduinen, P.C. van; Reusink, Jaco

doi:10.2749/101686698780489351

Cited by 50 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…To make analytical progress it is convenient to write h mn in terms of h m by introducing a new parameter k (> 0) according to 21) and hence, from (6.11), h m is given in terms of k by…”

Section: General Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An interaction between the wind and the rivulets of rainwater on the cables can induce vibrations of the cables which can be severe enough to cause significant damage to the bridge. For example, RWIVs were the subject of a numerical study by Geurts, Vrouwenvelder, van Staalduinen and Reusink (21), and analytical work has been carried out by Xu and Wang (22) (who considered both a horizontal cable with a fixed rivulet, and an inclined cable with a moving rivulet) and by Lemaitre, Mahmud Alam, Hémon, de Langre and Zhou (23) (who developed a model for the response of a film of rainwater on a cable under the action of the wind).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A thin rivulet of perfectly wetting fluid subject to a longitudinal surface shear stress

Sullivan

Wilson

Duffy

2007

The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics

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SummaryThe lubrication approximation is used to obtain a complete description of the steady unidirectional flow of a thin rivulet of perfectly wetting fluid on an inclined substrate subject to a prescribed uniform longitudinal surface shear stress. The quasi-steady stability of such a rivulet is analysed, and the conditions under which it is energetically favourable for such a rivulet to split into one or more subrivulets are determined. IntroductionThere are many practically important situations in which an external airflow has a significant effect on the behaviour of a film of fluid, and consequently a considerable amount of theoretical and numerical work has been undertaken in order to understand the flows that can occur. Examples include the work by King and Tuck (1) and King, Tuck and Vanden-Broeck (2) on a thin film and a droplet, respectively, on an inclined substrate supported against gravity by an upward airflow, and the work by Tsao, Rothmayer and Ruban (3) on the stability of thin films on airfoils in the presence of an airflow. Other examples include the work by Kriegsmann, Miksis and Vanden-Broeck (4) on the effect of a steadily moving pressure disturbance on a thin film on an inclined substrate, the work by Myers and Thompson (5) on a thin film on an inclined substrate in the presence of an airflow, the work by McKinley, Wilson and Duffy (6) and McKinley and Wilson (7, 8) on a thin ridge and a thin droplet subject to a jet of air, and the work by Villegas-Díaz, Power and Riley (9) on a thin film on a horizontal cylinder subject to a uniform azimuthal surface shear stress due to an airflow.The flow and, in particular, the break-up of a film or a rivulet on a substrate has been considered by several authors. Hartley and Murgatroyd (10) obtained two different criteria for the break-up of a film on a vertical substrate, namely a force-balance criterion at the upstream stagnation point of a dry patch and a minimum rate-of-energy-flow criterion. They used each criterion to calculate when it is favourable for a film driven purely by gravity and a film driven purely by a prescribed uniform longitudinal surface shear stress due to an external airflow to break up into rivulets. Hobler (11) used a minimum energy criterion to calculate when it is energetically favourable for a film on a vertical substrate to break up into rivulets. Bankoff (12) considered the flow of a film and of a periodic array of contiguous identical rivulets on a vertical substrate, and compared the energies of the two configurations

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“…To make analytical progress it is convenient to write h mn in terms of h m by introducing a new parameter k (> 0) according to 21) and hence, from (6.11), h m is given in terms of k by…”

Section: General Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A thin rivulet of perfectly wetting fluid subject to a longitudinal surface shear stress

Sullivan

Wilson

Duffy

2007

The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics

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“…Many of them are non linear dynamical models and require advanced numerical simulation tools. ( [1], [2], [11], [16]). Although a quality research has been spread in all these theoretical and experimental fields, a fourth aspect of the problem consists in developing countermeasures in order to limit these vibrations ( [3]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the undesirable expensiveness of damages caused by this phenomenon, a lot of effort has been put on several aspects. First, field observations started to take place in many countries of the world ( [2], [5], [8], [9], [17]). Visual investigations as well as accurate monitoring revealed the significant occurrence of these vibrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Praktisches Verfahren zur Bemessung von Brückenseilen und ‐hängern zur Vermeidung Regen‐Wind‐induzierter Schwingungen

Denoël¹,

Hortmanns²,

Sedlacek

2007

Stahlbau

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(to be translated in German):. Rain-wind induced vibrations have been widely studied during the last decades. Today it is desirable to use the experience gathered in this field in order to develop a practical design procedure offering both security and economy. After a restricted review of some analytical models, this paper points out the need for a semi-empirical method if the complexity of this design procedure has to be kept at its minimum. Based on measured data collected during field tests and wind tunnel experiments, a new proposal is suggested. Abstract (in English) Rain-wind induced vibrations have been widely studied during the last decades. Today it is desirable to use the experience gathered in this field in order to develop a practical design procedure offering both security and economy. After a restricted review of some analytical models, this paper points out the need for a semi-empirical method if the complexity of this design procedure has to be kept at its minimum. Based on measured data collected during field tests and wind tunnel experiments, a new proposal is suggested.

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“…The most extreme technical example is perhaps the Tacoma Narrows Bridge (figure 1.1) that collapsed spectacularly within months of completion due to undesired resonance conditions. In the Netherlands there is the example of the Erasmus Bridge in Rotterdam which showed excessive vibrations under specific wind conditions [3], requiring the retrofitment of dampers. The motion of the Millennium Bridge in London was caused by crossing pedestrians and their natural tendency to seek balance on the vibrating bridge, which required dampers to alleviate the problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power harvesting using piezoelectric materials: applications in helicopter rotors

Jong¹

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SummaryThe blades of helicopters are heavily loaded and are critical components. Failure of any one blade will lead to loss of the aircraft. Currently, the technical lifespan of helicopter blades is calculated using a worst-case operation scenario. The consequence is that a blade that may be suitable for, for example, ten thousand flight hours is discarded after only three thousand hours. The costs associated with this practice are enormous. For heavily loaded military aircraft this practice may be a reasonable approach. On the other hand, light duty aircraft in civil aviation may only use the blades for half or one third of the total technical lifespan, incurring unnecessarily high costs. Although the blade life could be extended through more advanced materials, extensive inspection regimes and better design, the uncertainty concerning the blade loads and fatigue issues remains. These options are all very costly.Measuring systems are required within the blade in order to more accurately follow the actual loads that it is subjected to. In this manner it is possible to monitor the loads, calculate the actual fatigue within the blade and, finally, the end of life can be predicted far more accurately. This will result in blades being used longer, reducing maintenance costs for the operator and lowering the environmental impact of blade manufacturing.The main challenge is supplying the sensors with electric power. Large rotorcraft have slip rings within the rotor head, supplying power for de-icing systems on the leading edge of the blade. This power is unsuitable for sensing and data processing because it is high voltage, and is not a stable source of power. Additionally, slip rings are maintenance intensive.The idea proposed in this thesis is to generate the power needed for sensing within the blade itself. Many generation methods are available varying from traditional electromagnetic generators to solid state conversion mechanisms. In this work, piezoelectrics are considered as a candidate to harvest power. Piezoelectric material is a material which develops an electrical charge as it is mechanically stressed. It is shown in this thesis that a useful amount of power can be recovered from the blade when combined with the right electric circuit.Chapter 3 covers a few basic power harvesting circuits. Two passive circuits are analysed first. Passive relates to the fact that these circuits do not manipulate the voltage of the patch in any way. Then two active circuits are analysed. These do manipulate the voltage in order to increase power output of the component. It is demonstrated that the choice of circuit does not simply mean choosing the one that is the most efficient. Depending on the coupling of the harvester under consideration a passive circuit may suffice, whereas the active variants may suppress the motion so much that less power is harvested.Two concepts are developed in this thesis. The first, discussed in chapter 4, involves placing patches on the blade surface. Using data provided by Agusta Westland, the...

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Numerical Modelling of Rain-Wind-Induced Vibration: Erasmus Bridge, Rotterdam

Cited by 50 publications

References 7 publications

A thin rivulet of perfectly wetting fluid subject to a longitudinal surface shear stress

A thin rivulet of perfectly wetting fluid subject to a longitudinal surface shear stress

Praktisches Verfahren zur Bemessung von Brückenseilen und ‐hängern zur Vermeidung Regen‐Wind‐induzierter Schwingungen

Power harvesting using piezoelectric materials: applications in helicopter rotors

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