Numerical modelling of ammonia-coal co-firing in a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor: Influence of ammonia addition for emissions control

Cardoso, João; Silva, Valter; Eusébio, Daniela; Tarelho, L.A.C.; Hall, Matthew J.; Dana, Alon Grinberg

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115226

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The NO x emission can be well limited by controlling the ammonia injection port when ammonia is cofired with pulverized coal [10]. [18] used a two-dimensional Euler-Lagrange numerical model built into ANSYS Fluent to describe the combustion process of ammonia-coal mixing ratios from 0% to 80% (by mass) in a fluidized bed reactor and investigated the effect of different locations of NH 3 injection into the reactor on CO 2 emissions. Nagatani et al conducted a feasibility study of ammonia co-firing in a 1000 MW coalfired boiler.…”

Section: F Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decrease is particularly rapid at 15% to 20% and relatively slow at a ratio above 25%. As the ratio of ammonia increases, the unburned NH 3 in the furnace of the CFPP will increase [18] and the effort to dispose of NO x in the exhaust gas emitted after combustion may also increase [40]. Therefore, considering the operation cost and exhaust emission, the maximum ratio of ammonia co-firing in this system is recommended to be 25%.…”

Section: Sensitivity and Efficiency Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Co-optimization of decarbonized operation of coal-fired power plants and seasonal storage based on green ammonia co-firing

Zhao

Zhou

et al. 2023

Applied Energy

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Section: F Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensitivity and Efficiency Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-optimization of decarbonized operation of coal-fired power plants and seasonal storage based on green ammonia co-firing

Zhao

Zhou

et al. 2023

Applied Energy

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“…The observations from Muraia et al from Japan on a 10 MWth combustion experimental furnace indicate that injecting ammonia fuel from the center of a pulverized coal burner caused ignition delay of coal particles, causing the ammonia and coal cofiring flame to move away from the burner outlet. Cardoso et al from Portugal conducted ammonia and coal cofiring experiments and simulations on a medium-sized fluidized bed, studying the effects of ammonia cofiring on heat release, the carbon content in fly ash, NH 3 , NO x , temperature distribution, and radiation flux. They also investigated the location of ammonia injection into the reactor and the impact of air-staged combustion on NO x .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing into Volatile Combustion Flame and Particulate Formation Behavior during the Coal and Ammonia Cofiring Process: Further Study on the Chemical Structure and Oxidation Reactivity of Soot Particles

Zhu,

Xu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Cofiring ammonia (NH 3 ) fuel in coal-fired power plants is an important technical path for mitigating CO 2 emissions. Combustion experiments of coal and ammonia were carried out on a McKenna flat flame system, and cumulative samplings of soot particles in the volatile flame were conducted. Detailed information on soot oxidation behavior, elemental composition, and chemical structure was obtained. The thermogravimetry results showed that the activation energy of the soot formed during coal and ammonia cofiring is higher than that without cofiring, and the comprehensive combustion characteristic index is lower, which means that the oxidation reactions of soot formed in cofiring conditions are more difficult to occur. The elemental analysis showed that, after ammonia cofiring, the C elements in soot increase, the S and H elements decrease, while N elements decrease in high oxygen conditions and increase in low oxygen conditions. In high oxygen fuellean conditions, ammonia cofiring increases the graphitization degree of the carbon structure of soot particles, making it more difficult to react. In low oxygen fuel-rich conditions, although ammonia cofiring does not significantly increase the graphitization degree of the carbon structure, it reduces the amount of reactive oxygen and allows N elements to enter the soot generation process in the form of N-5 and N-6, which bind to the edges of the aromatic structure, finally making the soot more difficult to react by increasing the N-containing structure in it.

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“…Energies 2024, 17, 2130 2 of 18 Ammonia co-firing holds great importance in the context of transitioning to cleaner energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By introducing ammonia as a co-firing agent alongside coal, the overall carbon footprint of energy generation can be significantly reduced [6]. Ammonia is considered a promising fuel additive due to its high hydrogen content, which enhances combustion efficiency and reduces the emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NO x ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the optimization process of ammonia co-firing, it is essential to investigate the impact of varying operational parameters, such as the air staging and ammonia-to-coal ratio [6]. Understanding the interactions between these parameters and their influence on the combustion process is crucial for achieving optimal performance and maximizing the benefits of co-firing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Optimization and Robustness Analysis of Ammonia–Coal Co-Firing in a Pilot-Scale Fluidized Bed Reactor

Cardoso,

Silva,

Chavando

et al. 2024

Energies

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A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was coupled with an advanced statistical strategy combining the response surface method (RSM) and the propagation of error (PoE) approach to optimize and test the robustness of the co-firing of ammonia (NH3) and coal in a fluidized bed reactor for coal phase-out processes. The CFD model was validated under experimental results collected from a pilot fluidized bed reactor. A 3k full factorial design of nine computer simulations was performed using air staging and NH3 co-firing ratio as input factors. The selected responses were NO, NH3 and CO2 emissions generation. The findings were that the design of experiments (DoE) method allowed for determining the best operating conditions to achieve optimal operation. The optimization process identified the best-operating conditions to reach stable operation while minimizing harmful emissions. Through the implementation of desirability function and robustness, the optimal operating conditions that set the optimized responses for single optimization showed not to always imply the most stable set of values to operate the system. Robust operating conditions showed that maximum performance was attained at high air staging levels (around 40%) and through a balanced NH3 co-firing ratio (around 30%). The results of the combined multi-optimization process performance should provide engineers, researchers and professionals the ability to make smarter decisions in both pilot and industrial environments for emissions reduction for decarbonization in energy production processes.

show abstract

Numerical modelling of ammonia-coal co-firing in a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor: Influence of ammonia addition for emissions control

Cited by 43 publications

References 37 publications

Co-optimization of decarbonized operation of coal-fired power plants and seasonal storage based on green ammonia co-firing

Co-optimization of decarbonized operation of coal-fired power plants and seasonal storage based on green ammonia co-firing

Probing into Volatile Combustion Flame and Particulate Formation Behavior during the Coal and Ammonia Cofiring Process: Further Study on the Chemical Structure and Oxidation Reactivity of Soot Particles

Process Optimization and Robustness Analysis of Ammonia–Coal Co-Firing in a Pilot-Scale Fluidized Bed Reactor

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