“…Very recently, modeling of the particle shape has been extensively studied in the DEM (Zhou et al, 2011;Govender et al, 2019;Kafashan et al, 2019;Nie et al, 2019;Shrestha et al, 2019;Yang et al, 2019). In contrast, the continuum media have been simulated using the SPH and the MPS methods, which have been consistently employed in the computation of free surface fluid flows, such as droplet impingement (Xiong et al, 2010(Xiong et al, , 2011, free surface fluid flow through porous media (Sun et al, 2019), discharge of highly viscous fluid flow (Sun et al, 2012), and wave migration (Shibata et al, 2011). Hence, the mesh-free particle methods make it possible to simulate complex multi-phase flow systems.…”