Numerical Modeling of Tsunami-Induced Hydrodynamic Forces on Onshore Structures Using SPH

Abstract

In this paper, the simulation of the violent impact of tsunami-like bores with a square column is performed using a single-phase, weakly compressible three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model. In order to avoid large fluctuations in the pressure field and to obtain accurate simulations of the hydrodynamic forces, a Riemann solver-based formulation of the SPH method is utilized. Large-scale physical experiments conducted by the authors are reproduced using the numerical model. Time-histories of the water surface elevation as well as timehistories of the pressure distribution and net total force acting on the column are successfully compared. As observed in previous breaking wave impact studies, results show that the magnitude and duration of the impulsive force at initial bore impact depend on the degree of entrapped air in the bore-front. Although ensuring a stable pressure field, the Riemann solver-based SPH scheme is believed to induce excessive numerical diffusion, as sudden and large water surface deformations, such as splashing at initial bore impact, are marginally reproduced. To investigate this particular issue, the small-scale physical experiment of Kleefsman et al. (2005) is also considered and modeled.

A Three-Dimensional Fully-Coupled Fluid-Structure Model for Tsunami Loading on Coastal Bridges

“…The interested flow regime in the present study is turbulent, whereas most of the existing IB methods are limited to low to moderate Reynolds numbers [73,74] with few exceptions [75]. Moreover, at high Reynolds numbers, mass and momentum conservation becomes important [72]. The continuous and discrete forcing methods may suffer from poor mass conservation [76] since none of them are designed to satisfy the conservation laws [71].…”

“…The boundary forces can be added to the continuous [31] or discretized [71] Navier-Stokes equations. The discrete forcing method does not impose additional stability constraints in the boundary representation and enables a sharper interface representation [71,72]. Detailed reviews of various IB methods can be found in Huang and Tian [73], Kajishima and Taira [72], Kim and Choi [74], and Mittal and Iaccarino [71].…”

Modelling the sequential earthquake–tsunami response of coastal road embankment infrastructure

“…To validate the numerical approach, the experimental and numerical model of St-Germain et al (2012) was reproduced, comparing water elevations of the incident wave in two control gauges. A tank 13.17 m long, 2.7 m wide, divided into two sections, and 1.4 m in height (Fig.…”

SPH-FE-Based Numerical Simulation on Dynamic Characteristics of Structure under Water Waves

“…For the SPH method, the particles move in Lagrangian coordinates and the advection is directly calculated by particle motion without numerical diffusion [9]. As SPH is a type of mesh-free method, it is inherently suitable for solving the procedures of moving discontinuities with large deformations [3], and it has been utilized to resolve a wide range of hydrodynamics problems [10][11][12][13]. Rafiee et al [14] used the pressure Poisson equation in the SPH method to solve the incompressible problem of fluid, and verified that the method can well simulate the dynamic response between the free surface of fluid and the structure; Dao et al [15] established a numerical wave flume based on SPH method, which was successfully applied to simulate the cases of tsunami wave propagating on the slope and wave impacting on coastal structures; and St-Germain et al [16] used the weak compressibility SPH method to compute the wave force of the rapidly developing tsunami wave acting on the square cylinder, and the computed results fit well with the results of large-scale physical experiments.…”