Numerical Modeling of the Effects of Electrode Spacing and Multilayered Concrete Resistivity on the Apparent Resistivity Measured Using Wenner Method

Abstract

Smart Sensing technologies can play an important role in the conditional assessment of concrete sewer pipe linings. In the long-term, the permeation of acids can deteriorate the pipe linings. Currently, there are no proven sensors available to non-invasively estimate the depth of acid permeation in real-time. The electrical resistivity measurement on the surface of the linings can indicate the sub-surface acid moisture conditions. In this study, we consider acid permeated linings as a two resistivity layer concrete sample, where the top resistivity layer is assumed to be acid permeated and the bottom resistivity layer indicates normal moisture conditions. Firstly, we modeled the sensor based on the four-probe Wenner method. The measurements of the developed model were compared with the previous studies for validation. Then, the sensor model was utilized to study the effects of electrode contact area, electrode spacing distance and two resistivity layered concrete on the apparent resistivity measurements. All the simulations were carried out by varying the thickness of top resistivity layer concrete. The simulation study indicated that the electrode contact area has very minimal effects on apparent resistivity measurements. Also, an increase in apparent resistivity measurements was observed when there is an increase in the distance of the electrode spacing. Further, a machine learning approach using Gaussian process regression modeling was formulated to estimate the depth of acid permeated layer.

An Experimental Study on Concrete’s Durability and Mechanical Characteristics Subjected to Different Curing Regimes

“…Where K is the equivalent constant of the linear slope's correlation within the electrical conductivity and diffusivity equal to the inverse amount of electrical resistivity. Considering the constant values of the mentioned parameters, the quality of electrical connection between the electrodes and concrete is mainly the function of distance between the electrodes [38] and geometry of the concrete specimens affects the test outcomes. Another important factor that governs the outcome of the resistivity test, is the environmental condition.…”

Using UHF-RFID Signals for Robot Localization Inside Pipelines

“…Gausian Process regression modeling approach [21], [22] is used in this work to normalize the noisy data coming from the robotic measurements. The model obtains the distance travelled by the robot D and predicts the RSSI values (R).…”

Influence of Smart Sensors on Structural Health Monitoring Systems and Future Asset Management Practices

“…Under no load condition, all four strain gages have equal resistance and therefore, the voltage across D is 0 V. When the beam is loaded, the voltage output will be dependent on the variation in resistance of the strain gauges, where properly calibrated load cell output voltage can directly be converted in to strain value. There are more complicated resistive-type sensors developed by researchers for structural health monitoring [26][27][28]. Under no load condition, all four strain gages have equal resistance and therefore, the voltage across D is 0 V. When the beam is loaded, the voltage output will be dependent on the variation in resistance of the strain gauges, where properly calibrated load cell output voltage can directly be converted in to strain value.…”