Numerical modeling of moisture transport in sandstone: the influence of pore space, fabric and clay content

Stück, H.; Plagge, Rudolf; Siegesmund, Siegfried

doi:10.1007/s12665-013-2405-0

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The experimentally determined water vapor diffusion resistance factors, when being plotted upon total porosity (Figure 4), are in very good agreement with data published in studies [11][12][13]. The total porosity can be regarded as the crucial factor controlling the rate of vapor diffusion in sandstones; influence of any other parameter was not observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Fast transient method for determination was developed in order to reduce the experimental duration [10]. Values of water vapor diffusion resistance factors of various sandstones were published elsewhere [11][12][13]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of study of water vapor sorption isotherm of building materials, besides the problems mentioned above, lies also in the field of materials durability and, when one is talking specifically about rocks, the water vapor sorption is influencing also deterioration of sculptures and natural monuments [12,13,22]. The moisture sorption can be significantly influenced also by present salts what is frequent case in buildings and natural monuments [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Vapor Diffusion and Adsorption of Sandstones: Influence of Rock Texture and Composition

Keppert

Žumár

Čáchová

et al. 2016

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The term sandstone is used for wide range of rocks containing quartz clasts which can be cemented by secondary precipitated quartz or calcite; moreover the space between clasts can be filled by matrix. These facts result in existence of numerous rocks having highly various properties. Sandstones have been used as construction materials due to their good accessibility and workability. Since most of sandstones are porous, water vapor can penetrate through sandstone constructions. The rate of water vapor diffusion, as well as the vapor sorption isotherm, was determined for range of sandstone types. The diffusion resistance factor was found to be dependent on the total porosity of sandstone but the sorption behavior was strongly influenced by nature of the particular sandstone; the specific surface area of stone and presence of clay matrix are determining its sorption isotherm. The published data enable estimating (i) diffusion resistance factor of a sandstone via knowledge of its total porosity and (ii) the sorption isotherm via knowledge of the stone’s nature and specific surface area. This approach can significantly reduce the time necessary to acquire vapor-related properties of a sandstone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Vapor Diffusion and Adsorption of Sandstones: Influence of Rock Texture and Composition

Keppert

Žumár

Čáchová

et al. 2016

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…The durability of building stones in architecture depends both on their intrinsic properties and their environment. As for their intrinsic properties, the water transfer properties play an important role as most of the weathering processes involve the presence of water (Stück et al, 2013). Hence, rocks with a high porosity, a high coefficient of capillarity and a high coefficient of saturation are potentially more vulnerable to weathering.…”

Section: Implications For Durability and Built Heritage Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rock fabric heterogeneity and its influence on the petrophysical properties of a building limestone: Lede stone (Belgium) as an example

Kock

Turmel

Fronteau

et al. 2017

Engineering Geology

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Lede stone is an important historical stone in Belgium, with many ceased and disappeared historical quarries. Owing to its geological nature, this stone exhibits considerable variation in petrophysical properties. Three macroscopical different facies from the solely remaining quarry area in Balegem (Belgium) were profoundly characterized for their pore network properties and petrophysical properties. The pore network was exhaustively studied combining water imbibition under vacuum, mercury intrusion porosimetry and X-ray computed microtomography. The three facies not only have a strong difference in total porosity, but also differ in terms of pore connectivity and pore size distribution, linked to the variability in microfacies. This has profound implications on the water transfer properties such as atmospheric water absorption, capillary water absorption, omnidirectional drying and water vapor resistance. The petrophysical behavior is illustrated with a salt ageing test. The results can be used for restoration and conservation of Lede stone in the built cultural heritage.

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“…The porosity and the pore size distribution, important for regulating the moisture content and its accumulation with implications for water absorption, salt loading and hygric dilatation, can be ultimately related to the lithology [62]. For example, a decrease in hygric dilatation and an increase in salt resistance is observed with increasing compositional and textural maturity from litharenites to quartz arenites as the pore distribution changes from bimodal, to unimodal unequal to unimodal equal.…”

Section: Sandstonementioning

confidence: 99%

A Geological Perspective on Climate Change and Building Stone Deterioration in London: Implications for Urban Stone-Built Heritage Research and Management

2020

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The decay rates of building stones and, the processes leading to their deterioration is governed by intrinsic properties such as texture, mineralogy, porosity and pore size distribution, along with other extrinsic factors related to the climate and anthropogenic activities. For urban cities such as London, the influence of extrinsic factors like temperature and rainfall, as well as the concentrations of air pollutants, such as sulphur and nitrogen oxides, along with the emissions of carbonaceous aerosols, can be particularly significant. While considering the long-term preservation of building stones used in various heritage sites in the city, it is imperative to consider how the stone could be affected by the changing air pollutant concentrations, superimposed on the effects of climate change in the region, including rising average annual temperature and precipitation with a hotter, drier summer and, warmer, wetter winter months. This paper deals with the intrinsic rock properties of the common building stones of London, including limestone, marble, granite, sandstone, slate, flint as well as bricks, building on known characteristics including strength and durability that determine how and where they are placed in a building structure. The study reviews how these stones decay due to different processes such as salt weathering in sandstone, microcracking of quartz with kaolinisation of K-feldspar and biotite in granite and dissolution of calcite and dolomite, followed by precipitation of sulphate minerals in the carbonate rocks of limestone and marble. In the urban environment of London, with progressive build up in the concentration of atmospheric nitrogen oxides leading to an increasingly acidic environment and, with predicted climate change, the diverse stone-built heritage will be affected. For example, there can be enhanced carbonate dissolution in limestone with increased annual precipitation. Due to the prolonged wetter winter, any sandstone building stone will also undergo greater damage with a deeper wetting front. On the other hand, due to predicted wetter and warmer winter months, microcracking of any plagioclase in a granite is unlikely, thereby reducing the access of fluid and air pollutants to the Ca-rich core of the zoned crystals limiting the process of sericitisation. Management of the building stones in London should include routine expert visual inspection for signs of deterioration, along with mineralogical and compositional analyses and assessment of any recession rate.

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Numerical modeling of moisture transport in sandstone: the influence of pore space, fabric and clay content

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Water Vapor Diffusion and Adsorption of Sandstones: Influence of Rock Texture and Composition

Water Vapor Diffusion and Adsorption of Sandstones: Influence of Rock Texture and Composition

Rock fabric heterogeneity and its influence on the petrophysical properties of a building limestone: Lede stone (Belgium) as an example

A Geological Perspective on Climate Change and Building Stone Deterioration in London: Implications for Urban Stone-Built Heritage Research and Management

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