“…The impacts of stormwater lateral force and turbulence accelerated by topography result in the bridge's total failure. Moreover, the flow velocity and turbulence with unsettled eroded materials are the main driving factors for abutment scours, which result in the bridge failure processes [ 101 , 102 ]. Henceforth, studies analysing the impacts of future climate peak stormwater lateral force on the bridge dynamics in this region are recommended.…”