Numerical modeling of heat transfer and fluid motion in air gap between clothing and human body: Effect of air gap orientation and body movement

Udayraj,; Talukdar, Prabal; Das, Apurba; Alagirusamy, R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.12.016

Cited by 62 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…(6), (12), (18) and (22) as well as Eqs. (7), (13) and (19), respectively. The boundary conditions at the external and internal interfaces for the radiative transfer equation, Eq.…”

Section: ð9þmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(6), (12) and (18) by using iterative algorithm based on the Newton-Raphson Method [28], while the water vapour densities at these walls were found from discretized mass balance conditions described by Eqs. (7), (13) and (19). The Band Model [22] accounted for spectral optical properties.…”

Section: Numerical Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem of mathematical and numerical modelling of transport phenomena in the protective garments was undertaken many times [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, the complex nature of heat and mass transfer phenomena in the multilayer protective clothing resulted in many simplifications which were introduced into proposed heat and mass transfer models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerical results compared well with the experimental ones. In the latest paper Udayraj et al [13] proposed a realistic and detailed three-dimensional transient numerical model of fluid motion and heat transfer through the air gap between the fabric and test sensor. The model accounted for coupled conduction, convection and radiation in the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Verification and validation of an advanced model of heat and mass transfer in the protective clothing

Łapka

Furmański

2018

Heat Mass Transfer

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The paper presents verification and validation of an advanced numerical model of heat and moisture transfer in the multi-layer protective clothing and in components of the experimental stand subjected to either high surroundings temperature or high radiative heat flux emitted by hot objects. The developed model included conductive-radiative heat transfer in the hygroscopic porous fabrics and air gaps as well as conductive heat transfer in components of the stand. Additionally, water vapour diffusion in the pores and air spaces as well as phase transition of the bound water in the fabric fibres (sorption and desorption) were accounted for. All optical phenomena at internal or external walls were modelled and the thermal radiation was treated in the rigorous way, i.e., semi-transparent absorbing, emitting and scattering fabrics with the non-grey properties were assumed. The air was treated as transparent. Complex energy and mass balances as well as optical conditions at internal or external interfaces were formulated in order to find values of temperatures, vapour densities and radiation intensities at these interfaces. The obtained highly non-linear coupled system of discrete equations was solved by the Finite Volume based in-house iterative algorithm. The developed model passed discretisation convergence tests and was successfully verified against the results obtained applying commercial software for simplified cases. Then validation was carried out using experimental measurements collected during exposure of the protective clothing to high radiative heat flux emitted by the IR lamp. Satisfactory agreement of simulated and measured temporal variation of temperature at external and internal surfaces of the multi-layer clothing was attained.

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“…(6), (12), (18) and (22) as well as Eqs. (7), (13) and (19), respectively. The boundary conditions at the external and internal interfaces for the radiative transfer equation, Eq.…”

Section: ð9þmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Verification and validation of an advanced model of heat and mass transfer in the protective clothing

Łapka

Furmański

2018

Heat Mass Transfer

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“…24 Other researchers studied the air layer of a dressed body using static and computational fluid dynamics methods. 25,26 In people's daily life, the clothes they wear constantly change shape with body movements. The ease at one location at a time may be transferred to different locations at another time to accommodate for different body postures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparel ease distribution analysis using three-dimensional motion capture

Liu

Zou

et al. 2019

Textile Research Journal

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When an ease allowance at a body landmark is given, the ease distribution along the circumference at this landmark can still change with the wearing circumstance. This paper investigates both static and dynamic ease distributions of clothes at bust and waist lines by using a three-dimensional motion capture system (3DMCS). Female participants with the same body type were recruited to conduct experiments to examine how ease distributions change with body motions. Specific markers provided with the 3DMCS were adhered to the surfaces of a participant and her clothes along the bust and waist lines, and the coordinates of the markers were tracked by the 3DMCS while the participant walked on a treadmill at different speeds. It was found that the static ease distributions showed different patterns at different body landmark lines. At the bust, the ease tended to concentrate more in the left and right regions, while the ease at the waist appeared to be gathered more in the front and back regions. In the dynamic tests, ease variations at different clothes markers on the waistline exhibited very different changing patterns. The ease variations of the markers in the same region (e.g., left and front) were positively correlated ( r = 0.863), while those in regions symmetrical to the y-axis (left–right) were negatively correlated ( r = –0.738) and those in regions symmetrical to the x-axis (front–back) were weakly correlated ( r = 0.541). Both the frequency and the magnitude of ease variations seemed to be incremental to the walking speed, although the concentration areas of ease remained unchanged.

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Soft Robotic Textiles for Adaptive Personal Thermal Management

Zhang,

Wang,

Huang

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Thermal protective textiles are crucial for safeguarding individuals, particularly firefighters and steelworkers, against extreme heat, and for preventing burn injuries. However, traditional firefighting gear suffers from statically fixed thermal insulation properties, potentially resulting in overheating and discomfort in moderate conditions, and insufficient protection in extreme fire events. Herein, an innovative soft robotic textile is developed for dynamically adaptive thermal management, providing superior personal protection and thermal comfort across a spectrum of environmental temperatures. This unique textile features a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)‐sealed actuation system, embedded with a low boiling point fluid for reversible phase transition, resembling an endoskeleton that triggers an expansion within the textile matrix for enhanced air gap and thermal insulation. The thermal resistance improves automatically from 0.23 to 0.48 Km2 W−1 by self‐actuating under intense heat, exceeding conventional textiles by maintaining over 10 °C cooler temperatures. Additionally, the knitted substrate incorporated into the soft actuators can substantially mitigate convective heat transfer, as evidenced by the thermal resistance tests and the temperature mapping derived from numerical simulations. Moreover, it boasts significantly increased moisture permeability. The thermoadaptation and breathability of this durable all‐fabric system signify considerable progress in the development of protective clothing with high comfort for dynamic and extreme temperature conditions.

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Numerical modeling of heat transfer and fluid motion in air gap between clothing and human body: Effect of air gap orientation and body movement

Cited by 62 publications

References 13 publications

Verification and validation of an advanced model of heat and mass transfer in the protective clothing

Verification and validation of an advanced model of heat and mass transfer in the protective clothing

Apparel ease distribution analysis using three-dimensional motion capture

Soft Robotic Textiles for Adaptive Personal Thermal Management

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