Numerical Modeling of Complex Stress State in a Fault Damage Zone and Its Implication on Near‐Fault Seismic Activity

Sainoki, Atsushi; Schwartzkopff, Adam Karl; Jiang, Lishuai; Mitri, Hani S.

doi:10.1029/2021jb021784

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(268 reference statements)

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“…Numerous studies have characterized the fault damage zone focusing on its width and fracture distribution, as these are critical for fluid transport, naturally in the context of fault-valving effects and fault healing, but also in industrial applications like oil and gas exploration, geothermal production, or waste-water injection (Faulkner et al, 2010(Faulkner et al, , 2011Rice, 1992). Numerical simulations and field observations suggest that the formation of offfault fractures is affected by factors like fault geometry and co-seismic displacement, tectonic environment and ambient stress state (Faulkner et al, 2011;Gabriel et al, 2021;Okubo et al, 2019;Sainoki et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2019). A key property of off-fault fractures is that their density decreases with increasing distance from the fault core, typically following a power-law scaling that depends on long-term stress evolution, rock type, and fault maturity (Sainoki et al, 2021).…”

Section: Fracture Network Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerical simulations and field observations suggest that the formation of off‐fault fractures is affected by factors like fault geometry and co‐seismic displacement, tectonic environment and ambient stress state (Faulkner et al., 2011; Gabriel et al., 2021; Okubo et al., 2019; Sainoki et al., 2021; Wu et al., 2019). A key property of off‐fault fractures is that their density decreases with increasing distance from the fault core, typically following a power‐law scaling that depends on long‐term stress evolution, rock type, and fault maturity (Sainoki et al., 2021).…”

Section: Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum fracture length is limited by the width of the fault damage zone (Mitchell & Faulkner, 2009). Various factors influence fracture size, including rock geology, fault length, fault roughness, in‐situ stress conditions, maximum fault displacement, and distance from the fault core (Perrin et al., 2016; Sainoki et al., 2021). In studies of natural fracture networks, a power‐law relation is commonly used to characterize the fracture‐size distribution within assumed maximum and minimum fracture length (Panza et al., 2018).…”

Section: Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Rupture Dynamics of Cascading Earthquakes in a Multiscale Fracture Network

Palgunadi,

Gabriel,

Garagash

et al. 2024

JGR Solid Earth

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Fault‐damage zones comprise multiscale fracture networks that may slip dynamically and interact with the main fault during earthquake rupture. Using 3D dynamic rupture simulations and scale‐dependent fracture energy, we examine dynamic interactions of more than 800 intersecting multiscale fractures surrounding a listric fault, emulating a major listric fault and its damage zone. We investigate 10 distinct orientations of maximum horizontal stress, probing the conditions necessary for sustained slip within the fracture network or activating the main fault. Additionally, we assess the feasibility of nucleating dynamic rupture earthquake cascades from a distant fracture and investigate the sensitivity of fracture network cascading rupture to the effective normal stress level. We model either pure cascades or main fault rupture with limited off‐fault slip. We find that cascading ruptures within the fracture network are dynamically feasible under certain conditions, including: (a) the fracture energy scales with fracture and fault size, (b) favorable relative pre‐stress of fractures within the ambient stress field, and (c) close proximity of fractures. We find that cascading rupture within the fracture network discourages rupture on the main fault. Our simulations suggest that fractures with favorable relative pre‐stress, embedded within a fault damage zone, may lead to cascading earthquake rupture that shadows main fault slip. We find that such off‐fault events may reach moment magnitudes up to Mw ≈ 5.5, comparable to magnitudes that can be otherwise hosted by the main fault. Our findings offer insights into physical processes governing cascading earthquake dynamic rupture within multiscale fracture networks.

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Section: Fracture Network Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rupture Dynamics of Cascading Earthquakes in a Multiscale Fracture Network

Palgunadi,

Gabriel,

Garagash

et al. 2024

JGR Solid Earth

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“…Numerous methods and efforts have been made to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the rock burst mechanism, including physical and similar simulation experiments [ 15 , 16 ], numerical modeling [ 17 , 18 ], laboratory tests [ 19 , 20 ], and field investigation [ 21 , 22 ], etc. Therein, numerical modeling also sheds light on the application of assessing rock burst risk [ 8 , 17 , 23 , 24 ]. For example, the stress, displacement, and energy evolution characteristics along the rock burst process can be investigated in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focal Mechanism and Source Parameters Analysis of Mining-Induced Earthquakes Based on Relative Moment Tensor Inversion

Cao

Liu

Chen

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Mining-induced earthquakes (MIEs) in underground coal mines have been a common phenomenon that easily triggers rock bursts, but the mechanism is not understood clearly. This research investigates the laws of focal mechanism and source parameters based on focal mechanism and source parameters analysis of MIEs in three frequent rock burst areas. The relative moment tensor inversion (MTI) method was introduced, and the way to construct the inversion matrix was modified. The minimum ray and source number conditions were calculated, and an optimized identification criterion for source rupture type was proposed. Results show that the geological structure, stress environment, and source horizon influence the focal mechanism. The tensile type sources can distribute in the roof and coal seam, while the shear types are primarily located in the coal seam. In the typical fold structure area, the difference in source rupture strength and stress adjustment between tensile and shear types is negligible, while the disturbance scale of tensile types is distinct. The shear types have higher apparent volume and seismic moment in the deep buried fault area but lower source energy. The apparent stress of the tensile types is higher than that of the shear types, representing that the stress concentration still exists in the roof after the MIEs, but the stress near the faults could be effectively released. In the high-stress roadway pillar area, the primary fracture of the coal pillar easily produces a continuous shear rupture along the dominant stress direction under the extrusion of the roof and floor. The source parameters (except apparent stress) of shear types are higher than tensile types and have higher dynamic risk. The results contribute to expanding the understanding of rock burst mechanisms and guide MIEs’ prevention.

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Study on damage anisotropy and energy evolution mechanism of jointed rock mass based on energy dissipation theory

Yan

Kang

Zuo

et al. 2023

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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Numerical Modeling of Complex Stress State in a Fault Damage Zone and Its Implication on Near‐Fault Seismic Activity

Abstract: Induced seismicity taking place in deep underground mines has been intensively studied over the past decades (

Cited by 11 publications

References 145 publications

Rupture Dynamics of Cascading Earthquakes in a Multiscale Fracture Network

Rupture Dynamics of Cascading Earthquakes in a Multiscale Fracture Network

Focal Mechanism and Source Parameters Analysis of Mining-Induced Earthquakes Based on Relative Moment Tensor Inversion

Study on damage anisotropy and energy evolution mechanism of jointed rock mass based on energy dissipation theory

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