Numerical Methodologies for Magnetohydrodynamic Flow Control for Hypersonic Vehicles

Muir, Heather A.; Michael, Louisa; Nikiforakis, Nikolaos

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90727-3_21

Cited by 1 publication

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“…This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that increasing the frequency increases the conductivity of the plasma channel, thus facilitating more charge transport and collision with the electrodes, and this heats the electrode to form a hot spot and melts the electrode. The higher temperature associated with higher frequencies remarkably increases the electrical conductivity of the discharge channel, 59 facilitating the migration of the plasma particles to the electrodes and increasing the thermal conductivity between the plasma and electrodes. Therefore, the frequency of the erosion and its intensity increased with frequency, leading to a deeper drill in the electrode, which caused the anchor state.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Reducing the Energy Cost of NO_x Formation in a Spark Discharge Reactor through Pinpointing Its Mechanism

Abdelaziz

Teramoto

Nozaki

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Interest in sustainable nitrogen fertilizer production using plasma technology is rapidly growing, and this method is a promising way to decentralize fertilizer synthesis and achieve carbon-free production. However, improving efficiency remains a major challenge for the industrial application of this technology. Herein, we present comprehensive experiments using spark discharge to pinpoint the key factors affecting the efficiency of this process and provide technical approaches to improve the energy usage. We found that applying a bipolar voltage at high frequencies greatly benefited the NO x yield and its efficiency via the utilization of residual species. Measurements using active cooling for the reactor and electrodes revealed that the chemical loss process was not significant, but the energy loss during the heating of the electrode was the dominant loss process, particularly at high frequencies (>20 kHz) where an anchor state of the spark was reached. However, the beneficial effects of higher frequencies compensated for and mitigated the higher power loss resulting in slowing the increase of the energy cost with the energy density. Moreover, enlarging the plasma zone (reaction channel) by increasing the electrode gap was an effective approach for enhancing the energy usage for the desired reaction. Further, the limitations of enlarging the gap were resolved by inserting a floating electrode in the large gap, yielding higher NO x production (1.8%–3.0%) at a lower energy cost (1.9–4.4 MJ/mol), and further enhancements could be achieved by optimizing the reactor configuration. Therefore, the results provide an important basis for the further development and optimization of plasma reactors for efficient chemical reactions.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Reducing the Energy Cost of NO_x Formation in a Spark Discharge Reactor through Pinpointing Its Mechanism

Abdelaziz

Teramoto

Nozaki

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Numerical Methodologies for Magnetohydrodynamic Flow Control for Hypersonic Vehicles

Cited by 1 publication

References 33 publications

Toward Reducing the Energy Cost of NO_x Formation in a Spark Discharge Reactor through Pinpointing Its Mechanism

Toward Reducing the Energy Cost of NO_x Formation in a Spark Discharge Reactor through Pinpointing Its Mechanism

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Numerical Methodologies for Magnetohydrodynamic Flow Control for Hypersonic Vehicles

Cited by 1 publication

References 33 publications

Toward Reducing the Energy Cost of NOx Formation in a Spark Discharge Reactor through Pinpointing Its Mechanism

Toward Reducing the Energy Cost of NOx Formation in a Spark Discharge Reactor through Pinpointing Its Mechanism

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Toward Reducing the Energy Cost of NO_x Formation in a Spark Discharge Reactor through Pinpointing Its Mechanism

Toward Reducing the Energy Cost of NO_x Formation in a Spark Discharge Reactor through Pinpointing Its Mechanism