Numerical investigations of combustion and emissions characteristics of a novel small scale opposed rotary piston engine fuelled with hydrogen at wide open throttle and stoichiometric conditions

Gao, Jianbing; Tian, Gui Yun; Ma, Chaochen; Balasubramanian, Dhinesh; Xing, Shikai; Jenner, Phil

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113178

Cited by 56 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The existence of several concerns related to the increasing energy demand and the related environmental crisis [1][2][3][4][5][6] indicates the need to identify innovative, effective and low cost solutions. Photoelectrochemical water splitting (PWS) [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] is recognised as a promising strategy and it attracts particular interest for storing solar energy into the chemical bonds of hydrogen as fuel [26][27][28], which can be further utilised in fuel cells [29][30][31][32][33][34], internal combustion engines and to progressively decarbonize industrial processes [35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Hydrogen Production in a Tandem Critical Raw Material-Free Water Photoelectrolysis Cell Using a Hydrophobic Gas-Diffusion Backing Layer

et al. 2020

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A photoelectrochemical tandem cell (PEC) based on a cathodic hydrophobic gas-diffusion backing layer was developed to produce dry hydrogen from solar driven water splitting. The cell consisted of low cost and non-critical raw materials (CRMs). A relatively high-energy gap (2.1 eV) hematite-based photoanode and a low energy gap (1.2 eV) cupric oxide photocathode were deposited on a fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (FTO) and a hydrophobic carbonaceous substrate, respectively. The cell was illuminated from the anode. The electrolyte separator consisted of a transparent hydrophilic anionic solid polymer membrane allowing higher wavelengths not absorbed by the photoanode to be transmitted to the photocathode. To enhance the oxygen evolution rate, a NiFeOX surface promoter was deposited on the anodic semiconductor surface. To investigate the role of the cathodic backing layer, waterproofing and electrical conductivity properties were studied. Two different porous carbonaceous gas diffusion layers were tested (Spectracarb® and Sigracet®). These were also subjected to additional hydrophobisation procedures. The Sigracet 35BC® showed appropriate ex-situ properties for various wettability grades and it was selected as a cathodic substrate for the PEC. The enthalpic and throughput efficiency characteristics were determined, and the results compared to a conventional FTO glass-based cathode substrate. A throughput efficiency of 2% was achieved for the cell based on the hydrophobic backing layer, under a voltage bias of about 0.6 V, compared to 1% for the conventional cell. For the best configuration, an endurance test was carried out under operative conditions. The cells were electrochemically characterised by linear polarisation tests and impedance spectroscopy measurements. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs were analysed to assess the structure and morphology of the investigated materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Hydrogen Production in a Tandem Critical Raw Material-Free Water Photoelectrolysis Cell Using a Hydrophobic Gas-Diffusion Backing Layer

et al. 2020

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“…The quality of the meshes was shown in the authors' previous work, and sensitivity analysis of the calculation residuals and mesh numbers (size) was also analyzed 11 . It indicated the effect of calculation residuals and mesh numbers on the simulation results were limited 11 . At the beginning of simulation, calculation residuals and total grid numbers were 10 −6 and 2 710 453, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Since the volume and positions of cylinders changed continuously, dynamic meshes were applied to the simulation model. The quality of the meshes was shown in the authors' previous work, and sensitivity analysis of the calculation residuals and mesh numbers (size) was also analyzed 11 . It indicated the effect of calculation residuals and mesh numbers on the simulation results were limited 11 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Hydrogen fuel applications in internal combustion engines attracted increasing attentions due to its inherent merits, such as higher energy density, faster flame propagation speed, lower lean‐burn limits, lower ignition energy, and smaller quenching distances than other fuels, 1‐5 especially for the cold start emissions 6,7 . Effectiveness of hydrogen utilizations improving the performance of reciprocating engines, 8,9 Wankel engines, 10 and opposed rotary piston (ORP) engines 11,12 was investigated using both experimental and simulation methods. Power density of ORP engines was demonstrated to be much higher than reciprocating engines and Wankel engines due to their short cyclic period in time 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An effective approach of dropping the backfire possibilities of a hydrogen‐fuelled opposed rotary piston engine

Gao

Tian

et al. 2021

Energy Science & Engineering

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Backfire of hydrogen‐fuelled internal combustion engines limits the hydrogen fuel applications and drops the power output. Opposed rotary piston (ORP) engines are characterized by high power density, smooth operations, and few moving parts. However, the intake structures of ORP engines tend to deliver high possibility of backfire under hydrogen utilization conditions due to more residual exhaust. This paper proposed an effective approach of eliminating backfire for a hydrogen fuelled ORP engine, and it did not generate any penalty of power output theoretically. The effectiveness of this method was demonstrated using a 3D numerical simulation method. The results indicated that the average in‐cylinder temperature started to increase at the start of the intake process if without any backfire control strategies; however, it decreased continuously if backfire control was applied. The mass flow rates of the intake fluid were at a low level without backfire control, but it increased sharply if backfire control was adopted. Backfire in this investigation was caused by the pre‐ignition of mixture in cylinders. The temperature in intake pipes reached up to 1000 K over backfire scenarios, and heat of reaction was higher than 3 W. Hydrogen mass fractions at the bottom of intake pipes were low at the start of intake process due to the backfire; meantime, slight backflow also happened in the intake process due to the pre‐ignition of cylinders mixture. The fluid velocity was higher than 100 m/s at the beginning of intake process if backfire was controlled.

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“…Its power density is the same as that of the Wankel engine, but it avoids the long and narrow combustion chamber, which effectively improves the combustion efficiency. 16 Gao et al studied the in-cylinder combustion and emission performance of ORP engines, and simulated the intake characteristics and power loss during the intake process. 12,16 Gao et al studied the combustion and emission characteristics of a turbocharged ORP engine fueled with hydrogen were investigated to evaluate the overall performance of this engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on sealing characteristics of annular power cylinder based on twin-rotor piston engine

Pan

Liu

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The sealing characteristics of an annular power cylinder based on the Twin-rotor piston engine are studied, which provides a theoretical foundation for the sealing design of a new high-power density piston engine. In this paper, the basis thermodynamic realization process of an annular power cylinder is presented. The Runge Kutta equation is used to establish the coupled leakage model of adjacent working chambers under annular piston seal. And the sealing performance of the annular power cylinder is analyzed in detail. Moreover, the influence of rotor speed and compression ratio on the sealing characteristics and leakage is studied. Finally, some tests are carried out to verify the sealing principle and simulation results, which verifies the theoretical basis of simulation analysis. Results show that there are double pressure peaks in the leakage chamber between two working chambers, which is beneficial to reduce the leakage rate. Besides, increasing the speed and decreasing the compression ratio can help to reduce gas leakage. Furthermore, the effects of speed variation on the leakage are only significant when rotating at low speed. Changing the compression ratio has a greater effect on the slope of the leakage curve at a low compression ratio, and the lower the compression ratio, the better the sealing effect.

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Numerical investigations of combustion and emissions characteristics of a novel small scale opposed rotary piston engine fuelled with hydrogen at wide open throttle and stoichiometric conditions

Cited by 56 publications

References 55 publications

Dry Hydrogen Production in a Tandem Critical Raw Material-Free Water Photoelectrolysis Cell Using a Hydrophobic Gas-Diffusion Backing Layer

Dry Hydrogen Production in a Tandem Critical Raw Material-Free Water Photoelectrolysis Cell Using a Hydrophobic Gas-Diffusion Backing Layer

An effective approach of dropping the backfire possibilities of a hydrogen‐fuelled opposed rotary piston engine

Research on sealing characteristics of annular power cylinder based on twin-rotor piston engine

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