“…Peng et al (2022) compared the flow flied characteristic for various inflow angles to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of pump-jet in the wake of submarines under an oblique sailing condition. Besides, related research studies have also been concerned by other scholars through numerical simulations or experiments (Li et al, 2022; Li et al, 2019; Lu et al, 2020; Pan et al, 2015; Qin et al, 2021; Qiu et al, 2020; Sun et al, 2019; Weng et al, 2022; Zhao et al, 2022). The above series of studies mainly include open water performance, characteristics of excitation forces, cavitation performances, the influence of tip clearance on hydrodynamic characteristics, and evolution mechanisms of vortices among stator–rotor–duct.…”