Numerical investigation on design of wide geographical optical-transport networks based on n x 40-Gb/s transmission

Efficient method of calculation of Raman soliton self-frequency shift in nonlinear optical media

“…Eqs. (4d)-(4h) show that secondorder dispersion has a direct effect on X z ( ) 4 , X z ( ) 5 , X z ( ) 6 , X z ( ) 7 and X z ( ) 8 which is completed by other effects induced by cubic-quintic Raman contributions in Eq. (1).…”

“…Activities in optical communication systems operating with ultrashort light pulses require several processes, numerical simulations [1][2][3][4][5][6] and various types of optical components, generally not necessary at lower bit rates [7]. It becomes fundamental in such case to design the key elements of the communication systems best adapted from numerical simulations, in order to characterize the light pulse parameters.…”

In-Fieldn× 40 Gb/s Transmission Experiments with In-Line All-Optical Wavelength Conversion

“…In-line optical amplification has been realized deploying a hybrid scheme including both EDFA lumped amplification and distributed Raman amplification [4], in order to afford the losses of the cable itself and of the DCUs, as well. At the end of each span, a counterpropagating 400-mW Raman pump at 1455 nm is inserted by means of optical circulators to pre-amplify the incoming signal just before the DCU.…”

“…Furthermore, due to traffic growth and to the ever-increasing number of accomplishments within 40-Gbit/s field trials, we believe that future telecommunication transport networks, especially those operating over wide geographical areas, will be based on N × 40 Gbit/s transmission systems [4], even though the network design in this environment requires many ingenious contrivances [5][6][7]. Recently, several experiments have shown how different processes and materials can be exploited to achieve wavelength conversion [8,9].…”

“…The AOWC deployed in this work is a titanium-indiffused PPLN waveguide (Ti:PPLN) inserted in a compact, polarization-insensitive scheme. The configuration analyzed is a typical point-to-point dispersion-managed link [4,5], with one AOWC inserted along the path. The overall length of the link is 500 km for both 4 and 8 channels transmitted, using 200-GHz and 100-GHz spacing, respectively.…”