Numerical investigation of transient transport and deposition of microparticles under unsteady inspiratory flow in human upper airways

Naseri, Arash; Shaghaghian, Sana; Abouali, Omid; Ahmadi, Goodarz

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2017.06.005

Cited by 53 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Particle deposition in a nasal cavity under cyclic breathing condition was investigated by Bahmanzadeh et al. (2016) , Naseri et al. (2017b) , and Kiasadegh et al.…”

Section: Inhalation Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computational modeling of inhalability of aerosol particles were reported by many researchers ( King Se, Inthavong, Tu, 2010 , Inthavong, Ge, Li, Tu, 2012 , Inthavong, Ge, Li, Tu, 2013 , Naseri, Shaghaghian, Abouali, Ahmadi, 2017 , Millage, Bergman, Asgharian, McClellan, 2010 , Chen, Zhang, 2005 ). Interpersonal exposure was studied by Gao and Niu (2006) ; He et al.…”

Section: Inhalation Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Host-to-host airborne transmission as a multiphase flow problem for science-based social distance guidelines

Balachandar

Zaleski

Soldati

et al. 2020

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

169

194

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COVID-19 pandemic has strikingly demonstrated how important it is to develop fundamental knowledge related to generation, transport and inhalation of pathogen-laden droplets and their subsequent possible fate as airborne particles, or aerosols, in the context of human to human transmission. It is also increasingly clear that airborne transmission is an important contributor to rapid spreading of the disease. In this paper, we discuss the processes of droplet generation by exhalation, their potential transformation into airborne particles by evaporation, transport over long distances by the exhaled puff and by ambient air turbulence, and final inhalation by the receiving host as interconnected multiphase flow processes. A simple model for the time evolution of droplet/aerosol concentration is presented based on a theoretical analysis of the relevant physical processes. The modeling framework along with detailed experiments and simulations can be used to study a wide variety of scenarios involving breathing, talking, coughing and sneezing and in a number of environmental conditions, as humid or dry atmosphere, confined or open environment. Although a number of questions remain open on the physics of evaporation and coupling with persistence of the virus, it is clear that with a more reliable understanding of the underlying flow physics of virus transmission one can set the foundation for an improved methodology in designing case-specific social distancing and infection control guidelines.

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“…Particle deposition in a nasal cavity under cyclic breathing condition was investigated by Bahmanzadeh et al. (2016) , Naseri et al. (2017b) , and Kiasadegh et al.…”

Section: Inhalation Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inhalation Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Host-to-host airborne transmission as a multiphase flow problem for science-based social distance guidelines

Balachandar

Zaleski

Soldati

et al. 2020

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

169

194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, molecular binding can only explain part of the deposition decrease, while the limited Michaelis–Menten metabolism rate is still the major reason. The influences of tidal breathing [30,31,32], dynamic airways [33,34,35,36], polydisperse aerosols [37,38], hygroscopic growth [39,40,41], electric charges [42,43], and intersubjective variability [44,45,46] on acrolein deposition are also important and should be considered in future studies. Imaging techniques such as phase-contrast MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) with hyperpolarized 3 He can be used to visualize respiratory flows [47,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Binding Contributes to Concentration Dependent Acrolein Deposition in Rat Upper Airways: CFD and Molecular Dynamics Analyses

Zhao

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Existing in vivo experiments show significantly decreased acrolein uptake in rats with increasing inhaled acrolein concentrations. Considering that high-polarity chemicals are prone to bond with each other, it is hypothesized that molecular binding between acrolein and water will contribute to the experimentally observed deposition decrease by decreasing the effective diffusivity. The objective of this study is to quantify the probability of molecular binding for acrolein, as well as its effects on acrolein deposition, using multiscale simulations. An image-based rat airway geometry was used to predict the transport and deposition of acrolein using the chemical species model. The low Reynolds number turbulence model was used to simulate the airflows. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were used to study the molecular binding of acrolein in different media and at different acrolein concentrations. MD results show that significant molecular binding can happen between acrolein and water molecules in human and rat airways. With 72 acrolein embedded in 800 water molecules, about 48% of acrolein compounds contain one hydrogen bond and 10% contain two hydrogen bonds, which agreed favorably with previous MD results. The percentage of hydrogen-bonded acrolein compounds is higher at higher acrolein concentrations or in a medium with higher polarity. Computational dosimetry results show that the size increase caused by the molecular binding reduces the effective diffusivity of acrolein and lowers the chemical deposition onto the airway surfaces. This result is consistent with the experimentally observed deposition decrease at higher concentrations. However, this size increase can only explain part of the concentration-dependent variation of the acrolein uptake and acts as a concurrent mechanism with the uptake-limiting tissue ration rate. Intermolecular interactions and associated variation in diffusivity should be considered in future dosimetry modeling of high-polarity chemicals such as acrolein.

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“…[40,41] and experimental models [42][43][44] have been considered to analyse the airflow pattern in the extrathoracic region. A commonly used model for airflow characterization in the extrathoracic airways are either non-realistic idealized model [23,[45][46][47] or realistic CT-based models [15,23,39,[48][49][50][51]. Some of the published literature considered laminar flow in this region [40,52,53] whereas, most of the studies are based on turbulent flow [42,45,46,54].…”

Section: Extrathoracic Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Respiratory Anatomical Development, Air Flow Characterization and Particle Deposition

Islam

Paul

Ong

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The understanding of complex inhalation and transport processes of pollutant particles through the human respiratory system is important for investigations into dosimetry and respiratory health effects in various settings, such as environmental or occupational health. The studies over the last few decades for micro- and nanoparticle transport and deposition have advanced the understanding of drug-aerosol impacts in the mouth-throat and the upper airways. However, most of the Lagrangian and Eulerian studies have utilized the non-realistic symmetric anatomical model for airflow and particle deposition predictions. Recent improvements to visualization techniques using high-resolution computed tomography (CT) data and the resultant development of three dimensional (3-D) anatomical models support the realistic representation of lung geometry. Yet, the selection of different modelling approaches to analyze the transitional flow behavior and the use of different inlet and outlet conditions provide a dissimilar prediction of particle deposition in the human lung. Moreover, incorporation of relevant physical and appropriate boundary conditions are important factors to consider for the more accurate prediction of transitional flow and particle transport in human lung. This review critically appraises currently available literature on airflow and particle transport mechanism in the lungs, as well as numerical simulations with the aim to explore processes involved. Numerical studies found that both the Euler–Lagrange (E-L) and Euler–Euler methods do not influence nanoparticle (particle diameter ≤50 nm) deposition patterns at a flow rate ≤25 L/min. Furthermore, numerical studies demonstrated that turbulence dispersion does not significantly affect nanoparticle deposition patterns. This critical review aims to develop the field and increase the state-of-the-art in human lung modelling.

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Numerical investigation of transient transport and deposition of microparticles under unsteady inspiratory flow in human upper airways

Cited by 53 publications

References 44 publications

Host-to-host airborne transmission as a multiphase flow problem for science-based social distance guidelines

Host-to-host airborne transmission as a multiphase flow problem for science-based social distance guidelines

Molecular Binding Contributes to Concentration Dependent Acrolein Deposition in Rat Upper Airways: CFD and Molecular Dynamics Analyses

A Review of Respiratory Anatomical Development, Air Flow Characterization and Particle Deposition

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