Numerical investigation of effects of particle properties on nucleation process in a sulfuric acid–water vapor mixture: Homogeneous versus heterogeneous

Wu, Xinghui; Lyu, Shuhang; Song, Qiang; Duan, Yan; Yang, Zhen

doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139582

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…By molecular dynamics simulations, Chen et al [53] studied the effect of different foreign atoms on the nucleation process of liquid argon and found that it is related to the magnitude of its energy parameter. Wu et al [54] put a carbon particle in the sulfuric acid vapor system and analyzed the effect of the interaction between vapor and particles as well as the shape of the particle on the nucleation behavior. It was found that heterogeneous nucleation on the particle surface became gradually dominant as the interaction between the particle and vapor increased.…”

Section: The Effect Of Solid Particles On Gas-liquid Flow and Heat Tr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Flashing Phenomena in Pressure Hydrometallurgy

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2023

Processes

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Pressure hydrometallurgy has attracted much attention for its characteristics, such as the high adaptability of raw materials and environmental friendliness. Flashing (flash boiling or flash evaporation) refers to the phase change phenomenon from liquid to gas triggered by depressurization, which is an important connection between high-pressure processes and atmospheric ones in pressure hydrometallurgy. This paper takes the flashing process in zinc leaching and alumina Bayer processes as examples, describes the flashing process in pressure hydrometallurgy in detail for the first time, and shows the importance of the flashing process in energy recovery, solution concentration, and liquid balance, as well as increasing equipment life. According to solid holdup (the volume percentage of solid), this paper proposes to divide the flashing process into solution flashing (low solid holdup) and slurry flashing (high solid holdup). A further focus is put on reviewing the state of the art of related studies. The results reveal that the research on the flashing process in pressure hydrometallurgy is scarce and often oversimplified, e.g., ignoring the BPE (boiling point elevation) and NEA (non-equilibrium allowance) in solution flashing and the effect of solid particles in slurry flashing. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation is a promising tool for investigating the flashing process. Based on the progress made in other fields, e.g., seawater desalination, nuclear safety analysis, and engine fuel atomization, we suggest that solution flashing can be studied using the CFD–PBM (population balance model) coupled two-fluid model, since a wide size range of bubbles will be generated. For slurry flashing, the effect of solid holdup on the bubble nucleation rate and mechanism as well as other bubble dynamics processes should be accounted for additionally, for which a quantitative description is still lacking. Meanwhile, data for validating the numerical method are scarce because of the harsh experimental conditions, and further research is needed. In summary, this work presents an overview of the flashing processes in pressure hydrometallurgy and some guidelines for future numerical studies.

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Section: The Effect Of Solid Particles On Gas-liquid Flow and Heat Tr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Flashing Phenomena in Pressure Hydrometallurgy

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2023

Processes

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“…Several differences have been distinguished between the condensation of water/sulfuric acid and pure water vapors. Wu et al 30 found that the rate of heterogeneous condensation can be promoted by the sulfuric acid component. Kulmala et al 31 noted that the saturation vapor pressure of water/sulfuric acid binary mixtures is much less than that of pure water, leading to rapid condensation of the mixture vapor, even at low air humidity.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Liquid Film in Heterogeneous Condensation of Water Vapor: Effects of Solid–Fluid Interaction and Sulfuric Acid Component

et al. 2022

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Understanding the phenomenon of filmwise condensation on solid surfaces is vital for industrial processes such as air pollutant control and desalination. In this work, we study the formation of condensed liquid films via molecular dynamics simulations, and the effects of solid−fluid interactions and the sulfuric acid component are given major attention. Water is chosen as the fluid, while the solid−fluid interaction is modified to characterize different solid surfaces. The results show that as the solid−fluid interaction decreases, the solid surface transforms from a completely wetting surface to a partially wetting surface, and the film formation process shows significant differences. The condensed liquid on the completely wetting surface forms small liquid films, which merge to form a complete film covering the surface. With the enhancement of solid−fluid interaction, the condensation rate increases first and then remains virtually invariant, resulting in a film formation time that decreases first and then maintains constant. The condensed liquid on the partially wetting surfaces appears as nanodroplets, and the coalescence between nanodroplets leads to the formation of the liquid film. It is found that the stronger the solid−fluid interaction, the more the coalesced droplets tend to be pinned at nucleation sites, the easier it is to form a liquid film, and the shorter the time required for droplet merging. The sulfuric acid component accelerates liquid film formation on both completely wetting and partially wetting surfaces, but the effect of sulfuric acid is more significant on partially wetting surfaces. The 5% molar fraction of sulfuric acid reduces the nucleation time by 72% and increases the condensation rate by 137% under partial wetting, while the same amount of sulfuric acid only increases the nucleation rate by 6% on the completely wetting surface.

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Review on main sources and impacts of urban ultrafine particles: Traffic emissions, nucleation, and climate modulation

Guo

Yang

et al. 2023

Atmospheric Environment: X

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Numerical investigation of effects of particle properties on nucleation process in a sulfuric acid–water vapor mixture: Homogeneous versus heterogeneous

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

An Overview of Flashing Phenomena in Pressure Hydrometallurgy

An Overview of Flashing Phenomena in Pressure Hydrometallurgy

Formation of Liquid Film in Heterogeneous Condensation of Water Vapor: Effects of Solid–Fluid Interaction and Sulfuric Acid Component

Review on main sources and impacts of urban ultrafine particles: Traffic emissions, nucleation, and climate modulation

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