Numerical investigation of airflow, heat transfer and particle deposition for oral breathing in a realistic human upper airway model

Xu, Xiaoyu; Ni, Shunjiang; Fu, Ming; Zheng, Xin; Luo, Na; Weng, W.G.

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.05.003

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A precise understanding of the airflow characterization in the extrathoracic airways is the primary step when modelling pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. A wide variety of in slilico [23,33,[37][38][39]; refs. [40,41] and experimental models [42][43][44] have been considered to analyse the airflow pattern in the extrathoracic region.…”

Section: Extrathoracic Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[40,41] and experimental models [42][43][44] have been considered to analyse the airflow pattern in the extrathoracic region. A commonly used model for airflow characterization in the extrathoracic airways are either non-realistic idealized model [23,[45][46][47] or realistic CT-based models [15,23,39,[48][49][50][51]. Some of the published literature considered laminar flow in this region [40,52,53] whereas, most of the studies are based on turbulent flow [42,45,46,54].…”

Section: Extrathoracic Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chen, Feng, Zhong and Kleinstreuer [56] reported that air flow becomes turbulent near the mouth cavity at 15-45 L/min flow rate. Different turbulent models, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) [57]; [58,59], k- [60,61], k-ω [39,62], Large Eddy Simulation (LES) [63][64][65][66] have been used for airflow characterization in the oral airways of the lung. RANS turbulence model solves the time-averaged equations of motion which is computationally less expensive.…”

Section: Extrathoracic Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review of Respiratory Anatomical Development, Air Flow Characterization and Particle Deposition

Islam

Paul

Ong

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The understanding of complex inhalation and transport processes of pollutant particles through the human respiratory system is important for investigations into dosimetry and respiratory health effects in various settings, such as environmental or occupational health. The studies over the last few decades for micro- and nanoparticle transport and deposition have advanced the understanding of drug-aerosol impacts in the mouth-throat and the upper airways. However, most of the Lagrangian and Eulerian studies have utilized the non-realistic symmetric anatomical model for airflow and particle deposition predictions. Recent improvements to visualization techniques using high-resolution computed tomography (CT) data and the resultant development of three dimensional (3-D) anatomical models support the realistic representation of lung geometry. Yet, the selection of different modelling approaches to analyze the transitional flow behavior and the use of different inlet and outlet conditions provide a dissimilar prediction of particle deposition in the human lung. Moreover, incorporation of relevant physical and appropriate boundary conditions are important factors to consider for the more accurate prediction of transitional flow and particle transport in human lung. This review critically appraises currently available literature on airflow and particle transport mechanism in the lungs, as well as numerical simulations with the aim to explore processes involved. Numerical studies found that both the Euler–Lagrange (E-L) and Euler–Euler methods do not influence nanoparticle (particle diameter ≤50 nm) deposition patterns at a flow rate ≤25 L/min. Furthermore, numerical studies demonstrated that turbulence dispersion does not significantly affect nanoparticle deposition patterns. This critical review aims to develop the field and increase the state-of-the-art in human lung modelling.

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Section: Extrathoracic Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extrathoracic Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extrathoracic Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Respiratory Anatomical Development, Air Flow Characterization and Particle Deposition

Islam

Paul

Ong

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Until recent years, it was impossible to measure the administered dose, that is, the number of particles that make direct contact with the body's absorption barriers and are therefore available for absorption. For respiratory issues, individual in vitro models have been constructed to simulate the dose of particles administered to anatomically correct airways with a fast‐developing computed tomographic (CT) technique . These models make it feasible to assess the dose on an individual basis, which parallels the need for personalized environment control strategies .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the administered dose of particles on the facial mucosa of a realistic human model

Duan

Liu

et al. 2019

Indoor Air

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Exposure to particulate contaminants can cause serious adverse health effects. Deposition on the facial mucosa is an important path of exposure, but it is difficult to conduct direct dose measurement on real human subjects. In this study, we propose an in vitro method to assess the administered doses of micron‐sized particles on the eyes and lips in which computed tomographic scanning and three‐dimensional printing were used to create a model that includes a face, oropharynx, trachea, the first five generations of bronchi, and lung volume. This realistic model of a face and airway was exposed to monodispersed fluorescent particles released from an incoming jet. The administered dose of particles deposited upon the eyes and lips, as quantified by fluorescence intensity, was determined via a standard wiping protocol. The results show that, in this scenario, the administered doses normalized by source were 2.15%, 1.02%, 0.88%, 2.13%, and 1.55% for 0.6‐, 1.0‐, 2.0‐, 3.0‐, and 5.0‐µm particles, respectively. The administered dose of large particles on the mucosa within a given exposure time has great significance. Moreover, the lips suffer a much greater risk of exposure than the eyes and account for more than 80% of total facial mucosa deposition. Our study provides a fast and economical method to assess the administered dose on the facial mucosa on an individual basis.

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“…Numerical simulations of airflow for breathing have used MRI images to model the respiratory system from the nose to the upper bronchi region [20]. Other studies have used CT images and automatic meshing to compute the fluid dynamics of pulmonary gas flow [12], have concentrated on oscillatory flow in the laryngeal channel [16] or have studied power loss mechanisms in pathological tracheas [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory simulator for robotic respiratory tract treatments

Giannaccini

Yue

Graveston

et al. 2017

2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO)

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Abstract-Robotic healthcare is a growing and multi-faceted field where robots help perform surgery, remotely provide care to patients, aid in supplying various physical therapies and further medical research. Robotic simulators of human physiology provide a powerful platform to advance the development of novel treatments, prostheses and therapies. This study focuses on the design, building, testing and characterisation of a novel simulator of the human respiratory system. The comparison between healthy subjects breathing and coughing physiological values and the values achieved utilising our novel bioinspired respiratory simulator shows that the latter is able to reproduce peak flow rates and volumes.

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Numerical investigation of airflow, heat transfer and particle deposition for oral breathing in a realistic human upper airway model

Cited by 33 publications

References 44 publications

A Review of Respiratory Anatomical Development, Air Flow Characterization and Particle Deposition

A Review of Respiratory Anatomical Development, Air Flow Characterization and Particle Deposition

Measuring the administered dose of particles on the facial mucosa of a realistic human model

Respiratory simulator for robotic respiratory tract treatments

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