Numerical investigation of airborne transmission of respiratory infections on the subway platform

Close contact behavior-based COVID-19 transmission and interventions in a subway system

“…Virus exposure was determined by the face orientation of passengers ( Wei et al, 2022 ). When the interpersonal distance is 0.8 m, the personal virus exposure for the face-to-face position is 0.9 and 2.3 times higher than it for face-to-side and face-to-back position, respectively ( Nielsen et al, 2012 ).…”

Multi‐person movement‐induced airflow and the effects on virus‐laden expiratory droplet dispersion in indoor environments

“…Since nearly 80% of respiratory infections happen indoors, 7 epidemic control in indoor environments is essential. The transmission mechanisms of exhaled virus‐laden droplets 8,9 in indoor environments (restaurants, 10 classrooms, 11 airliner cabins, 12 subway stations 13 ) have been investigated. Since virus concentration generally decreased with distance from the source, a safe distance of about 1.5–2.0 m was widely used 4,14 .…”

Introduction to the special issue on “COVID-19”

“…The realization that SARS-CoV-2 is commonly spread from person to person via inhalable aerosols has focused attention on the understanding of how mitigation measures such as physical distancing, masks or type of ventilation affect viral transmission, especially in closed environments. In this context, particular attention has been given to public transport worldwide, with microenvironments such as buses ( Bertone et al, 2022 ) and subway systems ( Wei et al, 2022 ) containing a large number of travelers in a relatively small area and with possibly inadequate ventilation. Zorzi et al (2022) used Revit software for Autodesk CFD 2021 generated 3D models of hospital environments.…”