Numerical investigation and experimental verification of the Joule heating effect of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber tows under high vacuum conditions

Αθανασόπουλος, Νικόλαος; Sikoutris, Dimitris E.; Panidis, Thrassos; Kostopoulos, V.

doi:10.1177/0021998311430159

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Such a high resistivity or low electrical conductivity indicates that the Joule heat generated by the CE-based nanocomposite is extremely low, which is beneficial to avoid thermoelectric breakdown. 49 , 50 …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Voltage-Stabilizer-Grafted SiO₂ Increases the Breakdown Voltage of the Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin

et al. 2021

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Cycloaliphatic epoxy (CE) resin plays a vital role in insulation equipment due to its excellent insulation and processability. However, the insufficient ability of CE to confine electrons under high voltage often leads to an electric breakdown, which limits its wide applications in high-voltage insulation equipment. In this work, the interface effect of inorganic nano-SiO 2 introduces deep traps to capture electrons, which is synergistic with the inherent ability of the voltage stabilizer m -aminobenzoic acid ( m -ABA) to capture high-energy electrons through collision. Therefore, the insulation failure rate is reduced owing to doping of the functionalized nanoparticles of the m -ABA-grafted nano-SiO 2 ( m -ABA-SiO 2 ) into the CE. It is worth noting that the breakdown field strength of this m -ABA-SiO 2 /CE reaches 53 kV/mm, which is 40.8% higher than that of pure CE. In addition, the tensile strength and volume resistivity of m -ABA-SiO 2 /CE are increased by 29.1 and 140%, respectively. Meanwhile, the glass transition temperature was increased by about 25 °C and reached 213 °C. This work proves that the comprehensive performance of CE-based nanocomposites is effectively improved by m -ABA-SiO 2 nanoparticles, showing great application potential in high-voltage insulated power equipment.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combined effect of the two effects greatly increases the volume resistivity of the nanocomposite. Such a high resistivity or low electrical conductivity indicates that the Joule heat generated by the CE-based nanocomposite is extremely low, which is beneficial to avoid thermoelectric breakdown. , …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage-Stabilizer-Grafted SiO₂ Increases the Breakdown Voltage of the Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin

et al. 2021

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“…In general, ε(T) increases with T for conductors and decreases for insulators [48]. Although electrically conductive, an emissivity decrease with temperature has also been reported for carbon fibre composites [49,25,50]. Some authors [49,25,48] propose a second-order polynomial fit for the ε(T) relation, with the coefficients based on literature data that remains valid only within a strict temperature range.…”

Section: Sources Of Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface temperature and emissivity measurement for materials exposed to a flame through two-color IR-thermography

Pelzmann¹,

Dupont²,

Sauté³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Two-color (2C) pyrometry has long been used for flame temperature and soot concentration studies and is now becoming more widely used to measure surface temperatures of burning materials. With the obvious advantage of being a contact-free method that requires only minimal optical access, 2C pyrometry combined with high-speed acquisition is a promising diagnostic tool to obtain exceptional temporal and spatial resolution of thermally degrading samples. However, its conceptual simplicity relies on a set of basic assumptions that when violated can result in large errors. In this work, we use an experimental configuration representative for fire resistance testing for aerospace and naval applications to analyze the impact of camera parameters and test setup on the accuracy of the surface temperature results obtained. Two types of fibre reinforced polymer composites and a steel plate are used to investigate material specific aspects that effect the measurements. An improved workflow for camera calibration is presented that takes the actual experimental setup into account. The temperature and emissivity mapping obtained trough in-situ IR measurements is compared against data acquired trough thermocouples and post-fire hemispherical directional reflectance measurements at room temperature. This comparison illustrates the necessity for proper post-processing and demonstrates that emissivity values obtained from pristine or burnt samples are not well suited to obtain accurate surface temperatures through conventional (single color) IR thermography. We also present a detailed error budget and suggestions for calibration measurements to keep the overall error well below 50 • C in a temperature range from 400 • C to 1200 • C.

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“…However, according to Abliz et al [ 6 ], due to the specific electric application nature of the heating process, it is mostly applicable for welding. To our knowledge, very little research work relating to curing of composite structures by this process is noticed to present, using this heating technology, which has been reported occasionally and in different expression forms, such as joule heating [ 39 , 40 , 41 ], resistance or resistive heating [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], embedded heating [ 46 ], and self-resistance electric (SRE) heating/curing [ 47 ]. These similar techniques have been applied by researchers, where the curing of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite plates was achieved by the direct application of an electric current flown through the carbon fibers [ 39 , 41 , 42 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Use of Carbon Fibers as Heating Elements for Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites

2021

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The aim of this study is to achieve a fully cured thermoset matrix that is heated by a direct electric current passing through the reinforcement fibers i.e., the Joule heating effect. Two types of fibers were used as heating elements for curing the epoxy resins. Kanthal resistance fibers were used as reference heating elements and subsequently, they were replaced by a Torayca Carbon Tow of the same radius. The specimens were cured by the heat produced by a direct electric current passing through the fibers and achieving temperatures of 50 °C and 70 °C. Specimens cured in a conventional oven were also manufactured, to compare the resistance heating method to the conventional one. Next, all specimens were mechanically characterized in a quasi-static three-point bending mode of loading and experimental results were compared to derive useful conclusions concerning the applicability of the technique to polymer/composite materials mass production. Finally, a preliminary economical study concerning power consumption needed for the application of both the traditional oven curing and the carbon fibers heating elements use for the manufacturing of the same amounts of materials is presented, showing a maximum financial benefit that can be achieved, on the order of 68%.

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Numerical investigation and experimental verification of the Joule heating effect of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber tows under high vacuum conditions

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

Voltage-Stabilizer-Grafted SiO₂ Increases the Breakdown Voltage of the Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin

Voltage-Stabilizer-Grafted SiO₂ Increases the Breakdown Voltage of the Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin

Surface temperature and emissivity measurement for materials exposed to a flame through two-color IR-thermography

Efficient Use of Carbon Fibers as Heating Elements for Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites

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Numerical investigation and experimental verification of the Joule heating effect of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber tows under high vacuum conditions

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

Voltage-Stabilizer-Grafted SiO2 Increases the Breakdown Voltage of the Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin

Voltage-Stabilizer-Grafted SiO2 Increases the Breakdown Voltage of the Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin

Surface temperature and emissivity measurement for materials exposed to a flame through two-color IR-thermography

Efficient Use of Carbon Fibers as Heating Elements for Curing of Epoxy Matrix Composites

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Product

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Voltage-Stabilizer-Grafted SiO₂ Increases the Breakdown Voltage of the Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin

Voltage-Stabilizer-Grafted SiO₂ Increases the Breakdown Voltage of the Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin