Numerical Implementation of Wavelength-Dependent Photonic Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity Based on VCSOA

Toward Neuromorphic Photonic Networks of Ultrafast Spiking Laser Neurons

“…Additionally, other works have numerically investigated different interconnectivity architectures between coupled VCSEL-Neurons (at telecom wavelengths) using PS for operation [43][44][45]. Further, theoretical works have also recently described the potentials of photonic neuronal models based on VCSELs with a saturable absorbing region in their structure and VCSELs in combination with vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers, for different spiking processing tasks, including spiking memory, spike encoding, spike timing dependent plasticity and pattern recognition [27,[46][47][48][49].…”

“…Stanford's Neurogrid [2], VCSELs as artificial neuronal models (referred from now onwards as VCSEL-Neurons) was proposed as early as 2010 [35] using different techniques for operation, such as polarization switching (PS) [36] and optical injection (OI) induced nonlinear dynamics [54,55]. Since then, multiple reports on VCSELs for ultrafast spiking photonic neuronal models have emerged [28][29][30][31][32] [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. Moreover, VCSEL-Neurons operating at both short (e.g.…”

Photonic neuromorphic computing using vertical cavity semiconductor lasers

“…In 2016, S. Xiang et al 59 reported numerical results based on the SFM, validating the early 2012 experimental results of 43 , and later expanded on that experimental work to widely report theoretically on the potentials of dynamical polarisation switching responses in VC-SELs for high-speed neuronal-like functionalities 60 . In addition, a great body of theoretical work has recently appeared in literature focusing on optical spiking neurons based upon VCSEL-SAs [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] . An early theoretical work 61 used a two-section rate-equation model to describe a VCSEL-SA and demonstrate numerically that excitable pulses could be activated in these devices under the injection of short optical pulses.…”

“…This work also revealed that VCSEL-SAs could theoretically operate as a leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons, and operate in different interconnected architectures with brain-inspired connectivity. Multiple other theoretical works further investigated the spiking responses in VCSEL-SAs and their potential for a wide diversity of tasks and procedures, ranging from spiking convolutional neural networks for image processing 62 , to spiking information encoding and storage [63][64][65][66] , Sudoku solvers 73 , unsupervised learning procedures based on Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) [67][68][69] , spike pattern recognition 70,71 , spiking XOR gate implementations 72 , amongst others.…”

A modified supervised learning rule for training a photonic spiking neural network to recognize digital patterns

“…In photonic neural network, STDP was realized firstly in a system consisting of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and an electro-absorption modulator [22]. STDP was also achieved in different ways and devices including a single SOA, two SOAs and a single VCSOA [8,23,24]. Based on photonic STDP, many tasks such as learning and recognition are achieved in photonic neural network [8,13,23,25].…”