Numerical implementation of rock bolts with yield and fracture behaviour under tensile-shear load

Sun, Bingjun; Liu, Quanwei; Li, Wei-teng; Yang, Xiuzhang; Yang, Bo; Li, Tingchun

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106462

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This should be counted at a paramount importance level, as according to Aziz et al [172], the efficiency of rock bolts changes with the modification of field conditions. In fact, safety and stability issues can be avoided in rock support systems with appropriate and unfractured rock bolts [173,174]. Accordingly, to effectively and durably limit the deformation of deep surrounding rocks, high-performance rock bolts are required [175].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight from Rock Bolts and Potential Factors Influencing Their Durability and the Long-Term Stability of Deep Rock Tunnels

2022

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Selecting and designing the most suitable support systems are crucial for securing underground openings, limiting their deformation and ensuring their long-term stability. Indeed, the rock excavations imposed by the erection of deep tunnels generate various harmful effects such as stress perturbation, damage, fractures, rockbursts, convergence deformation, and so on. To combat such effects by helping the surrounding rocks of these structures to hold up, rock bolts are typically utilized as pioneer support systems. However, the latter must be efficient and sustainable to properly fulfil their vital roles. A thorough understanding of the existing rock bolt types or models and the relevant factors influencing their failure is highly required for appropriate selection, design and applications. It is observed that, despite numerous studies carried out, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews concerning the advances in such rock support systems. This paper provides an insight into the most pertinent rock bolt types or models and describes the potential factors influencing their failure. Additionally, it discusses the durability of rock bolts, which has a huge impact on the long-term stability of deep rock tunnels. Furthermore, the paper highlights some proposals for future trends.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight from Rock Bolts and Potential Factors Influencing Their Durability and the Long-Term Stability of Deep Rock Tunnels

2022

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“…The numerical model was built based on FLAC3D software (Jia et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2022b;Sun et al, 2022;Zhu et al, 2023). The model was divided into a total of 574860 units and 620309 nodes.…”

Section: Simulation Scheme and Model Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the coupled support technology of a composite rock beam-retained roadway roof under close coal seams

Li,

Yang,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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IntroductionThe technology of gob-side entry retaining without coal pillars in close (distance) coal seams is still immature, and the roof control and support technology in this case is not perfect.MethodsIn this paper, the coupled support technology of a composite rock beam roof under close coal seams is systematically studied by using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field test.ResultsBoth the floor slip calculation results and numerical simulations indicate that the vertical failure depth in the plastic zone of the #8 coal seam has not penetrated the roof of the #9 coal seam after mining, which is consistent with the field electronic imaging results. A theoretical formula for a composite rock beam model anchored by high-prestressed anchor cables was derived, and a formula for the optimal spacing of anchor cables under noncompressive shear failure of the roof was obtained. Identification of the internal stress hazard region of the rock beam provides a basis for determining the locations of vertical support. Through numerical simulation of different support schemes, including roof cutting, arrangement of high-prestressed anchor cables, and setting up of vertical supports, roof cutting was found to effectively reduce the stress of supporting structure and roof pressure. Setting up of vertical supports can reduce the roof convergence by 25.2%, and coupling with anchor cables can reduce the convergence by more than 49.1%. The feasibility of this support scheme was verified through field tests, with a maximum convergence of 99 mm between the roof and floor.DiscussionThis two-way verification approach, in which the damage degree of the roof of a close coal seam is analyzed through multiple means, targeted support plans are proposed, the support mechanisms are explored, and feedback is conducted through field tests, plays a certain guiding role in solving roof control of the gob-side entry retaining under similar geological conditions.

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“…Małkowski et al [23] conducted laboratory tests and numerical modelling on the mechanical behaviours of bolts with three bond types of resin, organic mineral glue and cement bond. Sun et al [24] developed a new numerical model for analysing the tension-shear coupling fracture behaviour of rock bolts and proposed a new mechanical criterion and constitutive model of the yield and fracture of rock bolts. lawler et al [25] developed a novel FRp bolt with mechanical anchorages and put forward a new anchorage technique for the FRp rods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bolting control of a coal roadway under multi-seam mining – a case study

Zhou,

Wu,

Kann

et al. 2024

Archives of Mining Sciences

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The stress field of the roadway under multi-seam mining is complex due to multiple mining disturbances. The bolting control of the roadway under multi-seam mining has attracted wide concern. Moreover, conventional metal supporting materials in the coal rib are prone to sparks when shearer works, and new bolting materials are urgently needed. Taking a track roadway under multi-seam mining in China as the engineering case, the mining-induced stress field of the track roadway under multi-seam mining was investigated through numerical simulation and lab and field tests. The test evaluated the mechanical behaviour of FRP bolts and rebar bolts, as well as their anchorage performance under different conditions. Comparative analysis was conducted on the deformation and failure characteristics of the roadway under different bolting parameters to determine an optimised bolting scheme for the track roadway in the I011501 working face. The results show that the goafs and the remaining coal pillars in the overlying coal seams increase the stress in the track roadway in the I011501 working face, especially for the lower rib and roof. The tensile force of the 27 mm-diameter FRP bolt is 1.2 times that of the 22 mm-diameter rebar bolt. The shear strength of the full-length anchored FRP bolt is 70.8% higher than that of the end-anchored bolt. The peak stress of the full-length-anchored bolt is in the shallow coal and rock mass. The optimised bolting scheme of the track roadway subject to multi-seam mining is determined, and the cost of the optimised bolting scheme is lower by about 25.2%, as compared with the primary bolting scheme. Numerical simulation and field application results indicate that the optimised bolting scheme can significantly reduce the deformation and plastic failure of the track roadway in the I011501 working face, which is under multi-seam mining conditions.

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Numerical implementation of rock bolts with yield and fracture behaviour under tensile-shear load

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

An Insight from Rock Bolts and Potential Factors Influencing Their Durability and the Long-Term Stability of Deep Rock Tunnels

An Insight from Rock Bolts and Potential Factors Influencing Their Durability and the Long-Term Stability of Deep Rock Tunnels

Research on the coupled support technology of a composite rock beam-retained roadway roof under close coal seams

Bolting control of a coal roadway under multi-seam mining – a case study

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