Numerical experimental design application in consequence analysis of ammonia leakage

Júnior, Afonso Henrique da Silva; Oliveira, Carlos Rafael Silva de; Fiates, Juliane

doi:10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100327

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The model summarized the free shear flow propagation rate and showed a significant improvement in computational accuracy near the wall. The RNG k-ε model turbulent kinetic energy (7) and specific dissipation rate (8) transport equations are as follows…”

Section: Modeling Of Ammonia Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to being an important chemical raw material, ammonia is also a potential material for hydrogen storage. [7] Ammonia as a hydrogen storage material has the advantages of low storage and transportation costs and high security, so it can be used as a hydrogen storage material. [8,9] However, when storing liquid ammonia, the usual container is storage tank, which is generally a pressure vessel and belongs to special equipment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Numerical Study on Leakage Dispersion Pattern and Hazardous Area of Ammonia Storage Tanks

Hu,

Su,

Chen

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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Ammonia can be extremely dangerous if it leaks during storage and use. Therefore, in this article, the ammonia leakage diffusion law is investigated and the hazardous area is analyzed by establishing numerical model and simulating the diffusion process of concentration, flow rate, and temperature of ammonia storage tanks at different leakage locations, wind speeds, and leakage amounts. In the results, it is shown that when the leakage port is located at the top of the tank, and ammonia in high concentrations is more deflected and closer to the surface with the increase of wind speeds, the high concentration of ammonia gas gradually takes a vertical shape with the increase of leakage volume. When the leakage location is at the bottom of the storage tank, the leeward side area is the hazardous area with the increase of wind speed. The area and height of the cloud of highly concentrated ammonia increase with the increase of leakage volume. When the leak is located on the side of the tank and the wind direction opposite side, with the increase of wind speed both sides of the tank are in the hazardous area. High concentrations of ammonia will spread backward across the tank with the increase of leakage volume.

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Section: Modeling Of Ammonia Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study on Leakage Dispersion Pattern and Hazardous Area of Ammonia Storage Tanks

Hu,

Su,

Chen

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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“…Predrag Ilic et al modeled the leakage consequence of chlorine with ALOHA and used it to prevent future accidents and integrate it into risk assessment [ 25 ]. Modeling the consequences of ammonia gas emissions and preparing an emergency response plan were studied in the study of Afonso Henrique da Silva Júnior et al [ 26 ]. Therefore, consequence modeling of such industries can play an effective role in reducing human and environmental losses [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic risk assessment of storage tank using consequence modeling and fuzzy Bayesian network

Mohammadi,

Laal,

Mohammadian

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a lack of substantial research on potential secondary threats resulting from an accidental ammonia release, specifically during the time period before natural environmental remediation occurs, as most research efforts have focused on the initial plume and its effects. [17][18][19][20][21] Our work here seeks to evaluate the evaporation of anhydrous ammonia from a saturated porous substrate, which could result in a secondary threat to first responders, the population at large, and the environment. We directly determine the evaporation, in a laboratory chamber, of anhydrous ammonia from a specific porous substrate (5 cm Â 5 cm Â 1.9 cm concrete "coupons") through massdifference calcuation 22 and then validate the remaining ammonia in the concrete via a spectrophotometric technique.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation of anhydrous ammonia from small concrete coupons and implications regarding evaporation from a large accidental spill on concrete

Languirand,

Phung,

Hanna

et al. 2023

Process Safety Progress

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Anhydrous ammonia is transported via ship, rail, and road everyday in the United States as a refrigerated liquid at ambient pressure. As a result, unintential release of a large amount of anhydrous ammonia could result from an accident during transportation. The aim of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the evaporation of anhydrous ammonia from porous media. In our investigation, laboratory‐scale concrete coupons were used as a surrogate for a larger concrete pad that could be present in an event involving an unintentional release of liquid anhydrous ammonia. Concrete coupons sized 5 cm × 5 cm × 1.9 cm were saturated in liquid anhydrous ammonia, and measurements of the subsequent evaporation from the coupons were made in an environmental chamber. The ambient air temperature within the chamber varied from 5 to 45°C, and the relative humidity varied from 5% to 75%. Mass‐difference calculation and Berthelot's reaction were used to determine the average evaporation rate from a concrete coupon across all trials, which was found to be 6.5 ± 1.9 mg/s. To validate these evaporation rates, the remaining ammonia in the concrete coupon was measured for each trial. We found that the time‐integrated calculated evaporation rates correlated well with the total mass of ammonia that was lost from the coupons. In addition, it was found that ambient air temperature and relative humidity had little influence on anhydrous ammonia evaporation from the concrete coupons.

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Numerical experimental design application in consequence analysis of ammonia leakage

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Numerical Study on Leakage Dispersion Pattern and Hazardous Area of Ammonia Storage Tanks

Numerical Study on Leakage Dispersion Pattern and Hazardous Area of Ammonia Storage Tanks

Dynamic risk assessment of storage tank using consequence modeling and fuzzy Bayesian network

Evaporation of anhydrous ammonia from small concrete coupons and implications regarding evaporation from a large accidental spill on concrete

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