Numerical computation of macroscopic turbulence quantities in representative elementary volumes of the porous medium

Closure of a macroscopic turbulence and non-equilibrium turbulent heat and mass transfer model for a porous media comprised of randomly packed spheres

“…These two terms, which are commonly referred to as Darcy and Forchheimer terms, respectively, account for the viscous and form drag on the mean flow through the porous media. The macroscopic kÀe equations are expressed as [8,14,16,17] /…”

“…Lastly, Teruel and Rizwan-uddin (TR) [16,17] proposed a definition of turbulent kinetic energy that also includes the dispersive kinetic energy. The total macroscopic turbulent kinetic energy k total is then defined as [16] …”

Turbulence modeling for the two-phase flow and heat transfer in condensers

“…The method has been developed by several researchers for general porous media [35,37,38], and it is being applied to condenser analysis for the first time in this study. Nakayama et al [35] developed a two equation k-e model to solve the transport equations for turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate based on the volume averaging method in the porous media, and quantified the extra production terms as:…”

“…The base of these turbulence models is to volume-average and time-average the equations, in different orders, to reach macroscopic equation which can be used for engineering applications. These macroscopic equations include additional source terms that account for extra turbulence production and dissipation rate due to the presence of porous medium [35][36][37][38].…”

Calculation of the interfacial heat transfer coefficient in porous media employing numerical simulations

“…They are often carried out in periodic and simple porous structures that allow extracting a rich variety of results (e.g. laminar and turbulent flows and large range of porosities) with an acceptable computational cost [3,4]. The h sf coefficient has not been an exception; for instance, Martin et al [5], numerically determined this coefficient (or, more precisely, the Nusselt number) considering a porous structure represented by a periodic and triangular array of cylinders, and Kuwahara et al [6] carried out numerical simulations in periodic arrays of staggered square rods for a large range of flow conditions (1 < Re D < 10 4 ), porosities (0.36 < / < 0.91) and a variety of Prandtl numbers.…”