Numerical classification for taxonomic problems

Flake, Robert H.; Turner, B. L.

doi:10.1016/0022-5193(68)90195-1

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In addition to the general references given in Sl, we single out here the books of Sneath and Sokal (99) Fuzzy sets as a basis for clustering were first suggested by Bellman, Kalaba, and Zadeh. (9) Shortly thereafter, some initial attempts were reported by Wee, (114) Flake and Turner, (39) and Gitman and Levine. (46) The first systematic exposition of fuzzy clustering appears to have been the work of Ruspini, which is discussed and referenced in S9 below.…”

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms

Bezdek¹

1981

12,533

6,640

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holds a B.S. in Civil Engineering from the University of Nevada (Reno) and a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics from Cornell University. His professional interests currently include mathematical theories underlying problems in cluster analysis, cluster validity, feature selection, and classifier design; applications in medical diagnosis, geologic shape analysis, and sprinkler networks; and the numerical analysis of low-velocity hydraulic systems. Professor Bezdek has held research grants from NSF and ONR and has been a pattern recognition consultant for several industrial firms. He is an active member of many professional groups, including the IEEE Computer Society.A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.

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Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms

Bezdek¹

1981

12,533

6,640

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“…The similarity measure used in the present study is basically a matching coefficient described by Sokal and Sneath (1963) with some similarity to the "condensation" method of Crovello (1968). The use of variance parameters for weighting characters has been proposed by Farris (1966) and Flake and Turner (1968). The effect of the use of correlated characters has been discussed by Rohlf (1967) and others, but apparently no clear consensus has been reached.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the advent of electronic computers the more sophisticated methods of discriminate functions (Hill, 1959;Hatheway, 1962;Johnson, 1962), multivariate analysis and factor analysis (Rayment, 1963;Vandermeer, 1965;Marcus and Vandermeer, 1966), distribution mapping by computer (Perring and Walters, 1962;Soper, 1964), surface trend analysis (Krumbein, 1962;Fisher, 1968), and numerical taxonomy (Sokal and Sneath, 1963;Estabrook and Rogers, 1966;Fisher, 1968;Crovello, 1968a;Flake and Turner, 1968;etc. ) were developed.…”

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confidence: 99%

CHEMOSYSTEMATIC AND NUMERICAL STUDIES OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF JUNIPERUS ASHEI BUCH. †

Adams

Turner

1970

TAXON

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Taxon. SummaryJuniperus ashei Buch. was analyzed throughout its Texas distribution for areas of population differentiation and possible hybridization with J. virginiana L. and J. pinchotii Sudw. utilizing both morphological and chemical (terpenoid) characters. The volatile terpenoids of the foliage were analyzed by gas chromatography. Numerical methods included: analysis of variance; SNK tests; contour mapping of individual characters; differential systematics; and numerical taxonomy. Some peripheral populations of J. ashei show divergence of both terpenoid and morphological characters. This divergence is not, apparently, due to hybridization with J. virginiana or J. pinchotii. No evidence of hybridization was detected between J. ashei and J. virginiana or J. pinchotii. Differential systematics and numerical taxonomy were found to be of considerable value in the analysis of infraspecific variation. IntroductionSeveral of the North American species of Juniperus have been studied in considerable detail, especially their possible involvement in hybridization and introgression (Fassett, 1944(Fassett, , 1945Ross and Duncan, 1949; Hall, 1952 Hall, , 1955 Hall, McCormick, and Fogg, 1962;Hall and Carr, 1962; etc.). Most of these studies were approached using measurements taken from exomorphic characters as expressed in natural populations. Such data received relatively simple statistical treatments or else these were presented in the form of pictoralized scatter diagrams or bar graphs. Numerical procedures were not sufficiently developed at the time of these studies to permit more refined analyses, but their data did suggest that at least some of the species, notably J. horizontalis, J. virginiana, and J. ashei were involved to some considerable extent in situations involving hybridization and introgression, often over considerable distances. For example, Hall (1952) states that ". . . Juniperus ashei influences J. virginiana by introgression throughout the Ozark Plateau and probably as far east as the Tennessee River in the vicinity of the 36th parallel." Indeed, Hall's studies (1952; 1955) of introgression between Juniperus ashei and J. virginiana have been hailed as "one of the most detailed studies of allopatric introgression..." (Davis and Heywood, 1963). Nevertheless, von Rudloff, Irving, and Turner (1968; unpubl.), and Flake, von Rudloff, and Turner (1969), using chemical data, were unable to substantiate the validity of Hall's studies. In fact, the former authors could find no evidence of hybridization between these two species, even when sampling some of ...

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“…The character matches were weighted by use of the F ratios (variance among populations/variance within populations). The use of variance parameters for character weighting has been adequately discussed by Farris (1966), Flake and Turner (1968), and Adams and Turner (1970a).…”

Section: Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemosystematic and Numerical Studies of Natural Populations of Juniperus Pinchotii Sudw.

Adams

1972

TAXON

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Taxon. Summary Juniperus pinchotii Sudw. was analyzed for areas of population differentiation and possible hybridization with other species of Juniperus, utilizing both morphological and chemical (terpenoid) characters. The volatile terpenoids of the foliage were analyzed by gas chromatography. Numerical methods included: analysis of variance; SNK tests; contour mapping of individual characters; differential systematics; and numerical taxonomy. Juniperus pinchotii appears to be a somewhat variable taxon with some quite divergent populations in the trans-Pecos region of west Texas where it is morphologically similar to J. monosperma Sarg. No evidence of introgression was detected but some hybridization with i. monosperma in the Palo Duro Canyon of the Texas Panhandle was confirmed. :' J. pinchotii in the trans-Pecos region of west Texas is well known and has been described as J. erythrocarpa by Cory (1936) and J. texensis by van Melle (1952). Neither taxa have been recognized by Correll (I967) in his treatment of the Cupressaceae of Texas, although he does mention that in J. monosperma of the trans-Pecos ". . . very little material of this species (monosperma) fails to show what appears to be introgression with J. pinchotii." The purpose of this study is to investigate the structure of natural populations of J. pinchotii and interactions with other sympatric species. Three of these species are shown in figure I. Two other partially sympatric species, J. flaccida Schlecht. and J. scopulorum Sarg. are not shown but occur with J. pinchotii in the Big Bend (Chisos Mtns.) of the trans-Pecos, and in Palo Duro Canyon of the Texas Panhandle, respectively. J. scopulorum also occurs with J. pinchotii in the Guadalupe Mountains of southern New Mexico.

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Numerical classification for taxonomic problems

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms

Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms

CHEMOSYSTEMATIC AND NUMERICAL STUDIES OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF JUNIPERUS ASHEI BUCH. †

Chemosystematic and Numerical Studies of Natural Populations of Juniperus Pinchotii Sudw.

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