Numerical Changes and Environmental Utilization in Natural Populations of Drosophila.

McKenzie, Jo; Parsons, P. A.

doi:10.1071/zo9740175

Cited by 44 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…An increased tolerance to ethanol by selection has been associated by some investigators to a higher ADH activity of the selected lines (McDonald et a!., 1977;Ayala and McDonald, 1980). However, other studies suggest that the ADH per se is not the only factor involved in alcohol tolerance, and that an increased tolerance to ethanol could depend on loci other than Adh (McKenzie and Parsons, 1974; Gibson et a!., 1979; Oakeshott, 1979;Ziolo and Parsons, 1982;van Delden and Kamping, 1983 As pointed out by David et al (1981), detoxification of isopropanol by the ADH leads to a physiological paradox: ADH increases the tolerance to isopropanol in spite of the fact that this enzyme transforms such alcohol into acetone, a much more toxic product. Moreover, both acetone (Papel et aL, 1979) and isopropanol (Schwartz and Sofer, 1976) rapidly decrease the ADH activity in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ethanol and Isopropanol detoxification associated with the Adh locus of Drosophila melanogaster

1986

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The detoxification of both ethanol and isopropanol in relation to the Adh locus was studied in the "Lagar de los Reyes" (LR) lines of Drosophila melanogaster. Homozygous lines for the Adh' and the Adhs alleles were kept on an ethanol-supplemented medium for about 60 generations. After the selection, adult flies from these selected lines (LRSeF and LRSeS) were tested for utilisation of, and tolerance to, ethanol and isopropanol, and compared with appropriate controls (LRCF and LRCS) kept on regular medium. Both LRC and LRSe were able to use ethanol (but not isopropanol) as food, the selected flies showing a larger utilisation range than controls. Independently of the lines, FF flies showed a higher or equal ethanol and isopropanol tolerance than SS animals, the females being more or equally tolerant compared with the males. Increased tolerance to ethanol (but not to isopropanol detoxification is equally tolerant compared with the males. Increased tolerance to ethanol (but not to isopropanol) was found in the selected lines. Because of this, a partial independence of ethanol and isoproponal detoxification is suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ethanol and Isopropanol detoxification associated with the Adh locus of Drosophila melanogaster

1986

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“…Broad physiological stress data cannot explain the distribution of the species. The D. simulans Melbourne population begins to expand numerically (McKenzie and Parsons 1974) during the warmer months when it is physiologically most capable of doing so. The physiological tolerance of a species and the variability associated with it is only directly relatable to that species in the environment under consideration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature and temperature fluctuation are correlated (P < 0·001) for the Melbourne environment, which restricts the direct interpretation (McKenzie and Parsons 1974), but it is possible to fit significant linear regressions between the temperature variables and the mean mortalities of the D. simulans population (Table 3 and Fig. 1).…”

Section: Melbourne Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Genetic Architecture of Resistance to Desiccation in Populations of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

Ja¹,

Pa²

1974

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Populations of D. melanogaster and D. simulans from Melbourne, Vic., and Brisbane, Qld, were regularly sampled for resistance to desiccation. D. melanogaster was more resistant than D. simulans and females of each species were more resistant than males for both populations.The resistance observed for the D. melanogaster population from Melbourne and for the populations of both species from Brisbane remained fairly constant throughout a yearly cycle. However, the resistance of the D. simulans population from Melbourne was greatest during the warmest months and became progressively less as the temperature decreased. For this D. simulans population percentage mortality was correlated with mean temperature and temperature fluctuation of the Melbourne environment. No other correlation was found for any other population comparison.Laboratory populations, derived from founders of each area and kept at constant temperatures of 15, 20 and 25°C, provided results that agreed with the field data. The level of resistance of the D. simulans population from Melbourne appeared to be related to the environmental temperature of maintenance but the other populations maintained fairly uniform resistance levels over a number of generations.Diallel cross techniques indicate that the genetic architectures for resistance to desiccation of the Melbourne D. melanogaster population and of both species from Brisbane are similar, with additive, dominance and interaction effects being observed. Desiccation resistance for D. simulans from Melbourne is almost entirely additive, however. This result is discussed in relation to the field and laboratory data.

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“…We test for clinal shifts in survival and reproductive patterns over winter, which is the most stressful condition seasonally experienced by D. melanogaster in temperate areas, as evidenced by marked reductions in population size (McKenzie & Parsons 1974;Nielsen & Ho¡mann 1985). D. melanogaster overwinters at the adult stage (Izquieredo 1991), possibly aided by a reproductive diapause triggered when the adults are recently eclosed (Saunders et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postponed reproduction as an adaptation to winter conditions inDrosophila melanogaster: evidence for clinal variation under semi-natural conditions

Mitrovski

Hoffmann

2001

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

105

133

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Patterns of climatic adaptation in drosophila and other insects have largely been inferred from laboratory comparisons of traits that vary clinally. Here, we extend this research to comparisons under seminatural conditions. To test for clinal variation in reproductive patterns and survival over winter, Drosophila melanogaster populations were initiated from seven collection sites along the eastern coast of Australia, ranging from tropical to temperate regions. The fecundity and survival of these populations were monitored in ¢eld cages at a temperate location until all adults had died more than 5 months later. Total fecundity showed a curvilinear relationship with latitude, due to higher egg production by high-and low-latitude populations. Adults from temperate locations survived winter conditions better than those from subtropical populations but not tropical ones. There was a linear cline in the timing of egg production: temperate populations produced eggs later than populations from lower latitudes. This cline is likely to be adaptive because egg-to-adult viability experiments indicated that only eggs laid in spring developed successfully to the adult stage. There was no evidence for climatic adaptation in the immature stages. The adult mortality rate increased gradually over winter, and in some populations was also correlated with the minimum ambient temperature. These results indicate that adaptation to winter conditions in D. melanogaster has involved shifts in reproductive patterns.

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Numerical Changes and Environmental Utilization in Natural Populations of Drosophila.

Cited by 44 publications

References 14 publications

Ethanol and Isopropanol detoxification associated with the Adh locus of Drosophila melanogaster

Ethanol and Isopropanol detoxification associated with the Adh locus of Drosophila melanogaster

The Genetic Architecture of Resistance to Desiccation in Populations of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

Postponed reproduction as an adaptation to winter conditions inDrosophila melanogaster: evidence for clinal variation under semi-natural conditions

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