Numerical assessment of PM2.5 and O3 air quality in continental Southeast Asia: Baseline simulation and aerosol direct effects investigation

Two-way coupled meteorology and air quality models in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of impacts of aerosol feedbacks on meteorology and air quality

“…As summarized by Wu et al (2019a) in their Table 1, observations and model simulations with WRF-Chem, WRF-CMAQ, WRF-CMAQ, GRAPES-CUACE, and WRF-NAQPMS all pointed out that the ARI effects promoted higher PM2.5 concentrations in China (Chen et al, 2019a;Gao M. et al, 2016b;Wang H. et al, 2015;Wang Z.F. et al, 2014;Zhang B. et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2018) and this was also true in other areas of Asia (e.g., India, EA, Continental SEA) (Gao M. et al, 2018b;Nguyen et al, 2019aNguyen et al, , 2019b during different seasons. At the same time, all the modeling investigations revealed that the positive aerosol-meteorology feedbacks could further exacerbate pollution problems during heavy haze episodes.…”

“…Some studies did show negative impacts of aerosol effects on hourly, daily, and seasonal PM2.5 at some areas that could be attributed to ACI effects, changes in transport and dispersion patterns, reductions in humidity levels and secondary aerosol formations (Zhang B. et al, 2015;Zhan et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2017;Wang K. et al, 2018). Similar to the perturbations of surface meteorological variables EA due to lower PBLH induced by the ARI effects of anthropogenic aerosols (Jung et al,2019;1078Nguyen et al, 2019b. The seasonal SO2 reduction (increase) was rather large (small), which related 1079 to higher (lower) PBLH induced by the ACI (ARI) effects of dust (anthropogenic) aerosols in the 1080 NCP area (whole domain) of EA Nguyen et al, 2019b).…”

“…Regarding surface O3 concentrations, all the two-way coupled models with ARI, ACI, and both ARI and ACI predicted reduced photolysis rate and O3 concentrations under heavy pollution conditions, through the radiation attenuation induced by aerosols and clouds. Further analyses indicated that the ARI effects impacted O3 positively through reducing vertical dispersions (WRF-CMAQ, Xing et al, 2017), reduced O3 more during wintertime than summertime in EC (WRF-NAQPMS, , and suppressed (enhanced) O3 in dry (wet) season in continental SEA (WRF-CMAQ, Nguyen et al, 2019b). Xing et al (2017) applied the process analysis method in WRF-CMAQ with ARI and revealed that the impacts of ARI on the contributions of atmospheric dynamics and photochemistry processes to O3 over China varied in winter and summer months and ARI induced largest changes in photochemistry (dry deposition) of surface O3 at noon time in January (July).…”

“…Concerning the meteorological responses, most papers treated anthropogenic aerosols as a whole to explore their effects on meteorological variables based on coupled model simulations with enabling ARI or/and ACI in WRF-Chem, WRF-CMAQ, WRF-CMAQ, GRAPES-CUACE and WRF-NAQPMS (Bai et al, 2020;Gao M. et al, 2016b;Kumar et al, 2012a;Nguyen et al, 2019aNguyen et al, , 2019bWang H. et al, 2015;Wang Z. F. et al, 2014;Zhang B. et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2017). Generally, the main ARI effects of anthropogenic aerosols resulted in decreases of SWRF, T2 and WS10, and PBLH, as well as increases of surface relative humidity (RH2) and temperature in the ATM, which further suppressed PBL development Li M. M. et al, 2017b;Nguyen et al, 2019aNguyen et al, , 2019bXing et al, 2015c;Zhang et al, 2018). Wang H. et al (2015) utilized GRAPES/CUACE with ARI to study a summer haze case in the NCP area and discovered that the ARI effects made the subtropical high less intense (-14 hPa) to help pollutants in the area to dissipate.…”

“…In terms of anthropogenic aerosol effects on air quality, the responses of PM2.5 had been widely investigated (Chen et al, 2019a;Gao J. et al, 2018;Gao M. et al, 2016b;Nguyen et al, 2019aNguyen et al, , 2019bWang H. et al, 2015;Wang Z. F. et al, 2014;Wu et al, 2019a;Zhang B. et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2017) but less studies explored the responses of O3 and other species (Kumar et al, 2012b;Nguyen et al, 2019aNguyen et al, , 2019bXing et al, 2017;Zhang B. et al, 2015). As summarized by Wu et al (2019a) in their Table 1, observations and model simulations with WRF-Chem, WRF-CMAQ, WRF-CMAQ, GRAPES-CUACE, and WRF-NAQPMS all pointed out that the ARI effects promoted higher PM2.5 concentrations in China (Chen et al, 2019a;Gao M. et al, 2016b;Wang H. et al, 2015;Wang Z.F.…”