Numerical assessment of bathymetric changes caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami at Kirinda Fishery Harbor, Sri Lanka

Ranasinghe, D. P. L.; Goto, Kazuhisa; Takahashi, Tomoyuki; Takahashi, Joji; Wijetunge, Janaka J.; Nishihata, Takeshi; Imamura, Fumihiko

doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.07.004

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Numerical modeling of tsunami sediment transport has been applied to explain bathymetric changes from past events, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami [Ranasinghe et al, 2013]. Numerical models were originally proposed by Takahashi et al [1999] to investigate tsunami sediment transport during tsunami flow and to explain the process of geomorphological changes.…”

Section: Sediment Transport and Morphological Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Tsunami Countermeasures Based on Lessons from The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami — Situation After Five Years

Suppasri

Latcharote

Bricker

et al. 2016

Coastal Engineering Journal

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The 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami exposed many hidden weaknesses in Japan's tsunami countermeasures. Since then, many improvements have been made in both structural measures (numerical simulations, coastal defense structures, building damage assessment and control forests) and nonstructural measures (warning/observation and evacuation). This review summarizes the lessons and improvements in the five-year time period after the 2011 event. After five years, most of the lessons from the 2011 tsunami have been applied, including more realistic tsunami simulations using very fine grids, methods to strengthen coastal defense structures, building evacuations and coastal forests, improved warning content and key points to improve evacuation measures. Nevertheless, large future challenges remain, such as an advanced simulation technique and system for real-time hazard and risk prediction, implementation of coastal defense structures/multilayer countermeasures and encouraging evacuation. In addition, among papers presented at the coastal engineering conference in Japan, the proportion of tsunami-related research in Japan increased from 15% to 35% because of the 2011 tsunami, and approximately 65-70% of tsunami-related studies involve numerical simulation, coastal structures and building damage. These results show the impact of the 2011 tsunami on coastal engineering related to academic institutions and consulting industries in Japan as well as the interest in each tsunami countermeasure.

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Section: Sediment Transport and Morphological Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Tsunami Countermeasures Based on Lessons from The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami — Situation After Five Years

Suppasri

Latcharote

Bricker

et al. 2016

Coastal Engineering Journal

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“…Numerical simulations can provide insight into flow processes associated with tsunami impact, uprush and backwash (Weiss, ; Xiao et al ., ; Apotsos et al ., ,b; Gusman et al ., ; Kihara et al ., ; Ranasinghe et al ., ; Sugawara et al ., ; Jiang et al ., ). Yamazaki et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Numerical simulations offer a powerful tool that complements the understanding of tsunamigenic sediment transport dynamics (Xiao et al ., ; Apotsos et al ., ; Gusman et al ., ; Kihara et al ., ; Ranasinghe et al ., ; Sugawara et al ., ), demonstrating that the backwash current normally operates in a Froude‐supercritical flow regime (Simpson & Castelltort, ; Weiss, ; Apotsos et al ., ; Yamazaki et al ., ; Jiang et al ., ), which is consistent with observations from laboratory flume experiments (Yoshii et al ., ) and calculations of flow parameters of real‐world tsunamis (Bahlburg & Spiske, ). Rapid deceleration of the supercritical flow, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Geological record of marine tsunami backwash: The role of the hydraulic jump

Slootman

Simpson

Castelltort

et al. 2018

The Depositional Record

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Tsunamis are marked by distinct phases of uprush during coastal inundation and backwash when tsunami water recedes. Especially in the case of a steep coastal profile, the return flow may operate in a Froude-supercritical regime, eroding the flooded area and transporting large volumes of sediment seawards. Important sediment accumulation occurs when the supercritical flow goes through a hydraulic jump where it becomes subcritical upon deceleration. An inferred example in coarse-grained, mixed carbonates from the Lower Pleistocene on Rhodes (Greece) is described, with offshore bars up to 10 m long with scour-and-fill structures and steep antidune stratification. In finer-grained sandy depositional systems such structures may be much longer, up to hundreds of metres. It is suggested here that, analogous to some turbidite beds, the apparent lack of structures or the presence of faint stratification that is common for graded sand layers within marine tsunamiites may in fact consist of extremely low-angle, landward-dipping backset-strata that formed under a landward-migrating hydraulic jump during the basinward retreat of tsunami water. Numerical simulations that focus on the internal stratification of backwash-generated offshore bars support this hypothesis. The recognition of such deposits in the sedimentary record enlarges the toolbox for assessing the past frequency of tsunamis in coastal areas.

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“…6). The Kirinda fishery harbor was severely affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in terms of both coastal structures and coastal morphology (e.g., GOTO et al 2011;RANASINGHE et al 2013). During the tsunami, an approximately 8-m-high tsunami flood was recorded, and a large dredging ship called the Weligowwa was cast ashore.…”

Section: The Recovery Of Harbor Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Post-tsunami bathymetry was measured from February to March 2005. According to GOTO et al (2011) andRANASINGHE et al (2013), the first runup tsunami wave transported large amounts of offshore, sea bottom sediment and deposited it in a layer up to 4 m thick along the shoreface slope. Bathymetry values returned to normal by November 2005, approximately 1 year after the tsunami.…”

Section: The Recovery Of Harbor Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decade After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: The Progress in Disaster Preparedness and Future Challenges in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and the Maldives

Suppasri

Goto

Muhari

et al. 2015

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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Abstract-The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the most devastating tsunamis in world history. The tsunami caused damage to most of the Asian and other countries bordering the Indian Ocean. After a decade, reconstruction has been completed with different levels of tsunami countermeasures in most areas; however, some land use planning using probabilistic tsunami hazard maps and vulnerabilities should be addressed to prepare for future tsunamis. Examples of early-stage reconstruction are herein provided alongside a summary of some of the major tsunamis that have occurred since 2004, revealing the tsunami countermeasures established during the reconstruction period. Our primary objective is to report on and discuss the vulnerabilities found during our field visits to the tsunami-affected countries-namely, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and the Maldives. For each country, future challenges based on current tsunami countermeasures, such as land use planning, warning systems, evacuation facilities, disaster education and disaster monuments are explained. The problem of traffic jams during tsunami evacuations, especially in well-known tourist areas, was found to be the most common problem faced by all of the countries. The readiness of tsunami warning systems differed across the countries studied. These systems are generally sufficient on a national level, but local hazards require greater study. Disaster reduction education that would help to maintain high tsunami awareness is well established in most countries. Some geological evidence is well preserved even after a decade. Conversely, the maintenance of monuments to the 2004 tsunami appears to be a serious problem. Finally, the reconstruction progress was evaluated based on the experiences of disaster reconstruction in Japan. All vulnerabilities discussed here should be addressed to create longterm, disaster-resilient communities.

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Numerical assessment of bathymetric changes caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami at Kirinda Fishery Harbor, Sri Lanka

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Improvement of Tsunami Countermeasures Based on Lessons from The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami — Situation After Five Years

Improvement of Tsunami Countermeasures Based on Lessons from The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami — Situation After Five Years

Geological record of marine tsunami backwash: The role of the hydraulic jump

A Decade After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: The Progress in Disaster Preparedness and Future Challenges in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and the Maldives

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