Numerical Assessment of Auto-Adaptive Energy Management Strategies Based on SOC Feedback, Driving Pattern Recognition and Prediction Techniques

Zanelli, Alessandro; Servetto, Emanuele; Araujo, Philippe De; Vankayala, Sujeet Nagaraj; Vondrak, Adam

doi:10.3390/en15113896

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…A traditional ECMS uses an equivalent factor with a fixed value [15,16]. However, the equivalent factor can be sensitive to driving conditions [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New HEV Power Distribution Algorithm Using Nonlinear Programming

Lee

2022

Applied Sciences

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An equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is one of the most powerful and practical ways to improve the fuel efficiency of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). In an ECMS, it is important to determine the optimal equivalent factor to reach a global optimal solution. The optimal equivalent factor is determined by driving conditions. Previous studies have used an adaptive ECMS (A-ECMS) to determine the appropriate equivalent factor according to changing driving conditions. An A-ECMS adjusts the equivalent factor by controlling the battery’s state of charge (SOC) to follow a reference SOC trajectory. It is therefore critical to identify a reference SOC trajectory that reflects real-world driving conditions. These conditions, which are composed of the HEV’s nonlinear dynamics and complex constraints, can be formulated into a nonlinear optimal control problem (NOCP). Here, we propose applying nonlinear programming (NLP) to an A-ECMS. The NLP-based ECMS algorithm can be divided into two parts: the use of an NLP to solve an NOCP to obtain the reference SOC trajectory and the application of an NLP solution (the result of the first part) to an A-ECMS. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed NLP-based ECMS closely resembles a global optimal solution for dynamic programming in a relatively brief calculation time.

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“…A traditional ECMS uses an equivalent factor with a fixed value [15,16]. However, the equivalent factor can be sensitive to driving conditions [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New HEV Power Distribution Algorithm Using Nonlinear Programming

Lee

2022

Applied Sciences

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An artificial intelligence and improved optimization-based energy management system of battery-fuel cell-ultracapacitor in hybrid electric vehicles

Jondhle,

Nandgaonkar,

Nalbalwar

et al. 2023

Journal of Energy Storage

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Numerical Analysis and Modelling of the Effectiveness of Micro Wind Turbines Installed in an Electric Vehicle as a Range Extender

Ebaid,

Shahin,

Alshawabkeh

2023

SAE Int. J. Elec. Veh.

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<div>In recent years, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has grown rapidly, as well as public interest in them. However, the lack of sufficient range is one of the most common complaints about these vehicles, which is particularly problematic for people with long daily commutes. Thus, this article proposed a solution to this problem by installing micro wind turbines (MWTs) on EVs as a range extender. The turbines will generate electricity by converting the kinetic energy of the air flowing through the MWT into mechanical energy, which can have a reasonable effect on the vehicle aerodynamics. The article uses mathematical modelling and numerical analysis. Regarding the modelling, a detailed EV model in MATLAB/SIMULINK was developed to analyze the EV performance using various driving cycles in real time. In terms of numerical analysis, a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been implemented on a sample EV (Kia Soul) and an MWT using the Moving Reference Frame (MRF) method to act as a virtual wind tunnel in order to investigate the aerodynamic performance. The optimum location for the turbines to be installed has been identified on the front bumper of the car. The MWT has been designed from scratch using Qblade and Xfoil solvers by testing many foil sections and blade parameters to find the best design for the vehicle speed range. After using the designed turbine numerical results and implementing them into the EV model in MATLAB/SIMULINK, the results become more accurate. The vehicle efficiency increased by 13.1% at the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) highway driving cycle with five MWTs installed in the front bumper of the car, and its range increased by 24 km on a full charge; however, three MWTs have been studied in the CFD analysis to investigate the effect of the system on the vehicle drag coefficient, which is considered as the main trade-off of the proposed work. The analytical and numerical errors, points of strength, and weaknesses in each method and model have been determined to verify the entire work.</div>

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Numerical Assessment of Auto-Adaptive Energy Management Strategies Based on SOC Feedback, Driving Pattern Recognition and Prediction Techniques

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

A New HEV Power Distribution Algorithm Using Nonlinear Programming

A New HEV Power Distribution Algorithm Using Nonlinear Programming

An artificial intelligence and improved optimization-based energy management system of battery-fuel cell-ultracapacitor in hybrid electric vehicles

Numerical Analysis and Modelling of the Effectiveness of Micro Wind Turbines Installed in an Electric Vehicle as a Range Extender

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