Numerical assessment of ambient inhaled micron particle deposition in a human nasal cavity

Shang, Yidan; Inthavong, Kiao

doi:10.1007/s42757-019-0015-0

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, there are few scientific reports about quantitative comparison of indoor COVID-19 exposure dose when the viruses were released from the infected individual's larynx or lungs. To date, some studies focused on the effects of respiratory patterns on the inhalation of viruses or other particulate matter in indoor environments have been done ( Li et al, 2013 ; Shang and Inthavong, 2019 ; Xu et al, 2020a ). They provided validations of the numerical simulation method by using manikin or respiratory tract model in human inhalation exposure, and suggested that it was necessary for the comprehensive analysis of the particle inhalation within the realistic scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 virus released from larynx might cause a higher exposure dose in indoor environment

Weng

2021

Environmental Research

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COVID-19 virus can replicate in the infected individual's larynx independently, which is different from other viruses that replicate in lungs only, e.g. SARS. It might contribute to the fast spread of COVID-19. However, there are few scientific reports about quantitative comparison of COVID-19 exposure dose (inhalation dose and adhesion dose) for the susceptible individual when the viruses were released from the larynx or lungs. In this paper, a typical numerical model was built based on a breathing human model with real respiratory tract. By using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, two kinds of virus released sites in the infected individual's respiratory tract (larynx, lungs), seven kinds of particle sizes between 1 and 50 μm, three kinds of expiratory flow rates: calm (10 L/min), moderate (30 L/min) and intense (90 L/min) were used to compare the particle deposition proportion and escape proportion. The inhalation dose and the adhesion dose of the susceptible individual were quantified. The results showed that COVID-19 virus-containing droplets and aerosols might be released into the environment at higher proportions (39.1%–44.2%) than viruses that replicate in lungs only (15.3%–37.1%). The exposure doses (inhalation dose and adhesion dose) of the susceptible individual in different situations were discussed. The susceptible individual suffered a higher exposure dose when the viruses were released from the larynx rather than lungs (the difference for 1 μm particles was 1.2–2.2 times). This study provides a possible explanation for the higher transmission risk of COVID-19 virus compared to other viruses and some control advice of COVID-19 in typical indoor environments were also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 virus released from larynx might cause a higher exposure dose in indoor environment

Weng

2021

Environmental Research

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“…Many studies presented deposition enhancement factors (DEFs) to quantify the local deposition density within a defined area relative to overall deposition density in the entire region [34,35,36,37]. In this study, the local DEF was defined as:DEF = number of particles deposited within a fixed radius of a surface node/AitalicLocaloverall number of particles deposited in the whole airway/AitalicTotal , where AitalicLocal is the local region with a fixed searching radius of 1 mm, AitalicTotal is the overall surface area of all considered airway regions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

where

is the local region with a fixed searching radius of 1 mm,

is the overall surface area of all considered airway regions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation Exposure Analysis of Lung-Inhalable Particles in an Approximate Rat Central Airway

Dong

Tian

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Rats have been widely used as surrogates for evaluating the adverse health effects of inhaled airborne particulate matter. This paper presents a computational fluid and particle dynamics (CFPD) study of particle transport and deposition in an approximate rat central airway model. The geometric model was constructed based on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data sourced from previous study. Lung-inhalable particles covering a diameter range from 20 nm to 1.0 µm were passively released into the trachea, and the Lagrangian particle tracking approach was used to predict individual particle trajectories. Overall, regional and local deposition patterns in the central airway were analyzed in detail. A preliminary interspecies data comparison was made between present rat models and previously published human data. Results showed deposition “hot spots” were mainly concentrated at airway bifurcation apexes, and a gravitational effect should also be considered for inertia particles when using a rat as a laboratory animal. While for humans, this may not happen as the standing posture is completely different. Lastly, the preliminary interspecies data comparison confirms the deposition similarity in terms of deposition enhancement factors, which is a weighted deposition concentration parameter. This interspecies comparison confirms feasibility of extrapolating surrogate rat deposition data to humans using existing data extrapolation approach, which mostly relies on bulk anatomical differences as dose adjustment factors.

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“…Results showed that less than 1% of the nasal spray deposited within each sinus region even under optimised conditions. Poor sinus deposition and efficacy with nasal sprays can be attributed to the delivery of large droplets travelling at high velocities (32,33) that deposit in the anterior nasal cavity (34)(35)(36)(37), thereby failing to navigate through the narrowed passages to reach the affected sinus mucosa. In addition, many patients who use nasal sprays harbour concerns of bleeding, diminished effectiveness due to the dripping of the formulation out of the nose or the unpleasant taste attributed to dripping down the throat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Sinus Deposition from an Aqueous Nasal Spray and Pressurised MDI in a Post-Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Nasal Replica

et al. 2022

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Background Optimising intranasal distribution and retention of topical therapy is essential for effectively managing patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, including those that have had functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). This study presents a new technique for quantifying in vitro experiments of fluticasone propionate deposition within the sinuses of a 3D-printed model from a post-FESS patient. Methods Circular filter papers were placed on the sinus surfaces of the model. Deposition of fluticasone on the filter paper was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay-based techniques. The deposition patterns of two nasal drug delivery devices, an aqueous nasal spray (Flixonase) and metered dose inhaler (Flixotide), were compared. The effects of airflow (0 L/min vs. 12 L/min) and administration angle (30° vs. and 45°) were evaluated. Results Inhaled airflow made little difference to sinus deposition for either device. A 45° administration angle improved frontal sinus deposition with the nasal spray and both ethmoidal and sphenoidal deposition with the inhaler. The inhaler provided significantly better deposition within the ethmoid sinuses (8.5x) and within the maxillary sinuses (3.9x) compared with the nasal spray under the same conditions. Conclusion In the post-FESS model analysed, the inhaler produced better sinus deposition overall compared with the nasal spray. The techniques described can be used and adapted for in vitro performance testing of different drug formulations and intranasal devices under different experimental conditions. They can also help validate computational fluid dynamics modelling and in vivo studies.

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Numerical assessment of ambient inhaled micron particle deposition in a human nasal cavity

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

COVID-19 virus released from larynx might cause a higher exposure dose in indoor environment

COVID-19 virus released from larynx might cause a higher exposure dose in indoor environment

Inhalation Exposure Analysis of Lung-Inhalable Particles in an Approximate Rat Central Airway

Comparison of Sinus Deposition from an Aqueous Nasal Spray and Pressurised MDI in a Post-Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Nasal Replica

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