Numerical aperture of single-mode photonic crystal fibers

Mortensen, N. Asger; Folkenberg, Jacob Riis; Skovgaard, Peter M. W.; Broeng, Jes

doi:10.1109/lpt.2002.1021980

Cited by 68 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The NA of the SC-PCFs is investigated in [18]. However, the calculation of NA in HC-PBF is different where the refractive index of the cladding is larger than that in the core [19].…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Effect of Underwater Acoustic Pressure on the Fundamental Mode of Hollow-Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers

Abdallah

Zhang

Zhong

2015

International Journal of Optics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, microstructured optical fibers have become the subject of extensive research as they can be employed in many civilian and military applications. One of the recent areas of research is to enhance the normalized responsivity (NR) to acoustic pressure of the optical fiber hydrophones by replacing the conventional single mode fibers (SMFs) with hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers (HC-PBFs). However, this needs further investigation. In order to fully understand the feasibility of using HC-PBFs as acoustic pressure sensors and in underwater communication systems, it is important to study their modal properties in this environment. In this paper, the finite element solver (FES) COMSOL Multiphysics is used to study the effect of underwater acoustic pressure on the effective refractive index ( eff ) of the fundamental mode and discuss its contribution to NR. Besides, we investigate, for the first time to our knowledge, the effect of underwater acoustic pressure on the effective area ( eff ) and the numerical aperture (NA) of the HC-PBF.

show abstract

“…The NA of the SC-PCFs is investigated in [18]. However, the calculation of NA in HC-PBF is different where the refractive index of the cladding is larger than that in the core [19].…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Effect of Underwater Acoustic Pressure on the Fundamental Mode of Hollow-Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers

Abdallah

Zhang

Zhong

2015

International Journal of Optics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the other kind of numerical aperture, namely far-field numerical aperture or intensity effective numerical aperture (NA eff ) [5,10], is able to be measured relatively easily. The far-field numerical aperture is defined as the sine of the angle corresponding to 5% of the maximum output intensity [5,6,10]. A setup has been established to measure the NA eff , as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Characterization Of Numerical Aperture In the Pbfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerical aperture in index-guided photonic crystal fiber, being similar to that in conventional fiber and easy to understand, has ever been studied by many researchers [5,6]. However, the situation is totally different in PBF because the refractive index in the core is lower than that in the cladding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of numerical aperture of air-core photonic bandgap fiber

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2014

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Air-core photonic bandgap fiber (PBF) is the perfect choice of the next-generation fiber optical gyroscope (FOG), with excellent temperature, electromagnetism and radiation adaptability. Numerical aperture is an important optical parameter of PBF for application in FOG. The PBF's maximum theoretical numerical aperture (NA max ) is calculated and compared with the far-field numerical aperture (NA eff ) through experiments. The result indicates that the relationship between NA max and NA eff has much stronger dependence on wavelength than that of the conventional fiber, and they get close at wavelengths near the middle of the photonic bandgap with the error less than 5%. Furthermore, photonic bandgap fiber optical gyroscope (PBFOG) with no fusion splicing points is proposed, and the optimization method and results of the PBF's structure parameters for application in PBFOG are given from the aspect of numerical aperture. fiber optical gyroscope (FOG), photonic bandgap fiber (PBF), numerical aperture Citation: Xu X B, Gao F Y, Zhang Z H, et al. An investigation of numerical aperture of air-core photonic bandgap fiber.

show abstract

“…According to the mechanism used to guide light, PCFs can be divided into two general classes [1][2][3]: the total internal reflection (TIR) PCF and photonic bandgap (PBG) PCF. These fibers exhibit most unusual properties, including "endlessly single mode" [4], very large or very small mode area [5,6], the zero dispersion wavelength shifting into the visible spectrum [7][8][9], air guiding [10][11][12], and so on. Several authors have considered high birefringence PCFs, in which the birefringence is introduced either by a local change in location or size of a few holes [13,14], or by using elliptical holes [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%