Numerical and Physical Modelling of Wave Overtopping on a Smooth Impermeable Dike with Promenade under Strong Incident Waves

Abstract

This paper presents a study of run-up/overtopping over a smooth impermeable dike with promenade using 2D and 3D mesh-based and mesh-free numerical models and results from 2D physical modelling for strong energetic incident waves. These waves induce plunging wave breaking and a complex water/air mixture turbulent flow before overtopped the dike, a challenging configuration for numerical models. The analysis is structured in two phases: (i) evaluates the results of 2D numerical and physical models for run-up and overtopping; (ii) compares qualitatively the results of 3D numerical models for overtopping over a dike with promenade between groins located in front of a slope beach. The results indicate that the main differences obtained in run-up and overtopping are due to differences in wave generation and active absorption systems used in physical and numerical models and in turbulent models used by the numerical models. These differences lead to changes on incident wave height and on wave breaking and, consequently, on reflection, run-up and overtopping over the structure. For 3D simulation, even if larger discrepancies were found on overtopping along the dike, mean wave overtopping discharge and water flow height at the crest of the groin head show a similar order of magnitude.

Deep Learning-Based Wave Overtopping Prediction

“…The development of computational models for overtopping simulations progressed along with the advances in computing power. For example, some works analysed the wave-infrastructure interaction using 2D or 3D models to study overtopping [13][14][15]. Alternatively, other works use Machine Learning models to perform water flow estimations during overtopping [16] or predict overtopping events [17,18].…”

Numerical Modeling for the Effect of Soil Type on Stability of Embankment

“…These models use a series of differential equations in solving nonlinearity behaviour of seepage mechanism at specified boundary conditions. The accurate prediction of FOS is an indicator used for the stability of dike slope during water flow seepage [25].The validation of wave dissipation of slope breaches is highly required for obtaining run-up and overtopping over the structure [26]. However, a previous study on physical experimental tests and numerical models [27], demonstrated that the influence of some important geotechnical and hydraulic parameters on the development of matric suction, volumetric water content and slope stability remains unclear.…”