Numerical and length densities of microvessels in the human brain: Correlation with preferential orientation of microvessels in the cerebral cortex, subcortical grey matter and white matter, pons and cerebellum

Kubíková, Tereza; Kochová, Petra; Tomášek, Petr; Witter, Kirsti; Tonar, Zbyněk

doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.11.005

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Many researches in the medical field had shown that stereological study had playing an important role in the study of brain [18] , heart [19] , liver [20] , kidney [21] and so on. They all thought that, the disector method is the preferred method to estimate the number of cells, especially the optical disector, as it ensures that particle counts is not volume weighted and eliminating the necessity for correction factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Ovarian Granulosa Cells and Different Level Follicles in the Mouse Ovary Using Stereology Method, for Potential Application in 3D Bioengineered Ovary.

Zheng

Zhang

Tian

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Stereology is an accurate method to obtain 3D quantitative information of microstructure based on the comprehensive observation of two-dimensional sections. Three-dimensional bioprinting of bioink to rebuild a bioengineered ovary has been proved to be a promising technique in preserving fertility. Fully understand the structure of the ovary, the distribution of the main cells and the numerical density of cells using stereology method is of great significance to the computer 3D reconstruction technology.Results The Cavalieri method gave the estimations that the ovary was (2.49 ± 0.32)mm3, the volume fraction of cortex, medulla, follicles and ovarian granulosa cells ( OGCs ) were 86.80%±2.82%, 13.20%±2.82%, 5.60%±0.25% and 81.19%±2.57%, respectively. From exact counts on serial sections, OGCs, primordial, preantral and antral follicles numerical density were estimated at ( 2.11 ± 0.28 ) × 106/mm3, 719.57 ± 18.04/mm3, 71.84 ± 3.93/mm3 and 17.29 ± 3.54/mm3, respectively. We estimated that there would be (2.11 ± 0.28) × 109 OGCs, (719.57 ± 18.04) × 103 primordial follicles, (71.84 ± 3.93) × 103 preantral follicles, (17.29 ± 3.54) × 103 antral follicles in one milliliter 3D bioink when 3D encapsulated mice ovarian constructs. The total number of the three stages follicles per ovary were 1791.74 ± 5.77, 178.88 ± 1.26, 43.04 ± 1.13, and the respective total number of OGCs and follicles per ovary were (5.26 ± 0.09) × 106, 2013.66 ± 8.16.Conclusions OGCs and follicles can be accurately measured using either the optical or physical disector. The application of these approaches for the study of 3D bioengineered ovary may contribute to a deeper understanding of the artificial ovary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Ovarian Granulosa Cells and Different Level Follicles in the Mouse Ovary Using Stereology Method, for Potential Application in 3D Bioengineered Ovary.

Zheng

Zhang

Tian

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…A 600 km of small capillaries (7 µm in diameter) supply the brain with constant nourishment, resulting in a brain vessel density (BVD) that is so high that each neuron has its own blood vessel, positioned at a distance of 20 µm from each other. The BVD varies among the different brain regions (e.g., the BVD of cerebral cortex,~1311 mm −3 and white mater,~222 mm −3 [65]) and between healthy and diseased tissues [66]. The brain cells become hypoxic when they are further away from the vessels than 100 to 200 µm, inducing angiogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab-On-A-Chip for the Development of Pro-/Anti-Angiogenic Nanomedicines to Treat Brain Diseases

Parimalam

Bădilescu

Sonenberg

et al. 2019

IJMS

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There is a huge demand for pro-/anti-angiogenic nanomedicines to treat conditions such as ischemic strokes, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Nanomedicines are therapeutic particles in the size range of 10–1000 nm, where the drug is encapsulated into nano-capsules or adsorbed onto nano-scaffolds. They have good blood–brain barrier permeability, stability and shelf life, and able to rapidly target different sites in the brain. However, the relationship between the nanomedicines’ physical and chemical properties and its ability to travel across the brain remains incompletely understood. The main challenge is the lack of a reliable drug testing model for brain angiogenesis. Recently, microfluidic platforms (known as “lab-on-a-chip” or LOCs) have been developed to mimic the brain micro-vasculature related events, such as vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, inflammation, etc. The LOCs are able to closely replicate the dynamic conditions of the human brain and could be reliable platforms for drug screening applications. There are still many technical difficulties in establishing uniform and reproducible conditions, mainly due to the extreme complexity of the human brain. In this paper, we review the prospective of LOCs in the development of nanomedicines for brain angiogenesis–related conditions.

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“…Examples using space ball probes include; the length of dopaminergic axons, which can be related to the dopaminergic innervation and function of the striatum (Li et al, 2016 ); the length of serotoninergic (Liu et al, 2011 ) and cholinergic axons in cerebral cortex which can be related to cortical function (Nikolajsen et al, 2011 ) and the length of astrocyte processes, which can be related to immune-reactivity (McNeal et al, 2016 ). These parameters can be used to evaluate brain hemodynamics (Kubíková et al, 2018 ), tissue oxygenation (Nikolajsen et al, 2015 ), and tissue repair (Lee et al, 2005 ; McConnell et al, 2016 ) and ultimately used to develop therapeutic approaches to brain disorders. Structural parameters of potential interest and for which quantitative studies of length have yet to be carried out include microtubules, involved in intracellular transport, and neuropil threads, an expression of Alzheimer's disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to avoid the problem related to the anisotropy of biological structures a number of techniques have been developed to ensure an isotropic interaction between probe and structural feature. One way to accomplish this would be to section small samples of randomly oriented pieces of tissue and probe these sections with flat 2-D area probes (Nyengaard and Gundersen, 1992 ; Løkkegaard et al, 2001 ) or by cutting the tissue in three orthogonal planes (Kubíková et al, 2018 ). Another would be to use probes with surfaces that were isotropic, such as a sphere (Mouton et al, 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Balls Revisited: Stereological Estimates of Length With Virtual Isotropic Surface Probes

West

2018

Front. Neuroanat.

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The space ball probe was fully described in the literature 15 years ago by Mouton et al. (2002). Since then, it has been used in a number of studies in the nervous system that focus on axon, dendrite, and capillary length. The length of structural parameters in tissues reflect functional aspects of the tissues. Here, some of the various applications of this methodology will be presented, along with a review of the salient features of the methodology that has resulted in new wave of quantitative morphological studies of length in the nervous system. The validity of the method is discussed in view of its widespread use along with insights into the problems associated with its application to histological tissue and future techniques for applying space balls.

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Numerical and length densities of microvessels in the human brain: Correlation with preferential orientation of microvessels in the cerebral cortex, subcortical grey matter and white matter, pons and cerebellum

Cited by 37 publications

References 65 publications

Quantification of Ovarian Granulosa Cells and Different Level Follicles in the Mouse Ovary Using Stereology Method, for Potential Application in 3D Bioengineered Ovary.

Quantification of Ovarian Granulosa Cells and Different Level Follicles in the Mouse Ovary Using Stereology Method, for Potential Application in 3D Bioengineered Ovary.

Lab-On-A-Chip for the Development of Pro-/Anti-Angiogenic Nanomedicines to Treat Brain Diseases

Space Balls Revisited: Stereological Estimates of Length With Virtual Isotropic Surface Probes

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