Opoz, TT and Chen, X Chip formation mechanism using finite element simulation http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4059/ Article LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain.The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.
INTRODUCTIONChip formation during machining processes is a material removal process in which the materials are removed from the workpiece in the form of numerous tiny chips. To understand chip formation regarding the chip types, shapes as well as the stress/strain distribution would help the prediction of cutting force and thermal behaviour to avoid unexpected vibration and thermal damage. To do this, the finite element models of machining processes are very popular for simulating chip formation [1] to [15]. The reason is to minimize labour cost and save time by reducing expensive experimental tests. In contrast, the estimation of some physical phenomena such as the distribution of stress and strain under machining conditions is quite difficult to accomplish with experimental tests. Finite element method (FEM) provides a convenient method to visualise material performance under different machining conditions. Therefore, the prediction of chip types and chip shapes under different operating conditions is one of the significant benefits provided by FEM simulations. In metal cutting processes, often three types of chip formation occur (continuous chips, serrated chips, and discontinuous chips), which are produced as a result of the cutting deformation mechanism, operating parameters, and workpiece mechanical and thermal properties. The continuous chip is often considered to be an ideal chip that generates stable cutting forces; however, it is not desired for automated machining because the continuous chips may obstruct the machining process, which may lead to unpredictable damage on the machined surface, cutting tool or machine tool. To minimize these problems, serrated chips that are easier to break and remove are preferred during machining [1] and [2], so, predicting the cutting conditions which lead to a serrated chip has become increasingly important.In some literature, serrated chips are called sawtooth shape or continuous segmented chips. Increased segmentation on continuous chips eventually leads to serrated chips. It is common knowledge that segmentation during chip formation is triggered by two phenomena: the formation of the adiabatic shear band a...