Numerical analysis of the heat transfer associated with freezing/solidifying phase changes for a pipeline filled with crude oil in soil saturated with water during pipeline shutdown in winter

Lü, Tao; Wang, Kuisheng

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2008.07.004

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Lu et al (2008) adopted a 2-D finite difference method (FDM) to study the phase change phenomenon of fully saturated soils around a buried pipe in winter conditions. The effect of the high temperature of the crude oil in the pipeline and the natural convection induced in saturated soil were taken into consideration in their cooling down simulation scenarios.…”

Section: Omae2014-24678mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A constant temperature of 5.2°C is specified to account for the geothermal gradient at the lower bound of the sub-layer soil. Due to the forced convection, the temperature at the ground floor and at the seabed is assumed to be constant (Lu et al 2008 and Barletta et al 2008). However, considering the low seawater temperature in deepwater, a constant seawater temperature of 5°C is adopted at the upper bound of the seawater far away from the seabed.…”

Section: Figure 5 Sketch Of 2d Pipe-trench Model For Bem Numerical Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Investigation of Thermal Fields Around Subsea Buried Pipelines

Bai

Niedzwecki

Sánchez

2014

Volume 6B: Pipeline and Riser Technology

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Subsea pipelines transporting hydrocarbons from very deepwater wells or at arctic sites for long distances present some challenging technical problems. The ambient temperature at the seafloor in deepwater may be about 5°C (~ 41°F or 278 K) and can be even lower in the arctic regions, while the wellhead hydrocarbon temperatures can be in excess of 149°C (~ 300°F or 422 K). Insulation of these buried pipelines to mitigate this large temperature gradient can be only part of the solution as temperature losses over long distance may require heating systems to avoid deposition of impurities and clogging of the pipeline. The near field thermal gradient in surrounding soil is investigated using complementary 2-D numerical simulations of finite element and boundary element numerical models. A finite element hydraulic-thermal code designed for porous media was used to investigate the time evolution of the natural convection effects due to pipeline heating of the seawater in soil. For a seabed of clay under these conditions, it was determined that the boundary element model could be directed at steady state heat transfer about the pipeline in layered soil conditions addressing trenching and backfill consistent with the burial of the pipeline by a remotely operated vehicle. Parameters that may affect the thermal field around the subsea buried pipeline such as burial depth, thermal power loss and thermal properties of backfilling soils were investigated. It was shown that the thermal conductivity of the backfill has a critical influence on temperature distribution at the pipe wall, and that the pipe burial depth significantly affects temperature distribution on the seabed right above the pipe in deepwater.

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Section: Omae2014-24678mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 5 Sketch Of 2d Pipe-trench Model For Bem Numerical Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of Thermal Fields Around Subsea Buried Pipelines

Bai

Niedzwecki

Sánchez

2014

Volume 6B: Pipeline and Riser Technology

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“…Obviously, this is not consistent with the exothermic process of wax crystallization. In most porous media models, [22][23][24][25][26] the latent heat was distributed owing to the volume fraction of the liquid oil phase. In studies by Yu et al 8 and Majidia and Ahmadpour, 27 the specific heat capacity of crude oil in the phase-change interval is determined according to the proportion of liquidsolid crude oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity analysis of heat dissipation factors in a hot oil pipeline based on orthogonal experiments

Nie

Liu

et al. 2019

Science Progress

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The study of phase-change heat-transfer characteristics of crude oil has been one of the hot issues in the field of gathering and transportation. The process of phase-change heat transfer of crude oil involves many complicated problems such as natural convection treatment, latent heat treatment, phase-change interface determination and fluid characteristic change. A mathematical model based on the additional capacity heat method is proposed in this article, and the momentum equations of crude oil liquid phase are presented for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different factors on the heat transfer performance during the shutdown process of an overhead pipe. Experiments were conducted to verify the model and the solution method; the experimental and model results showed good agreement with a maximum relative error of 4.57%. The temperature fields and solidification conditions of crude oil in pipelines under different shutdown conditions were determined, and the sensitivity of the main effect factors was determined through an orthogonal experiment. The results show that the order of influence was oil initial temperature >thickness of insulating layer >air temperature >thickness of wax layer. The results of the study have important guiding significance on the control of shutdown time and the determination of restarting schemes.

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“…The heat losses reduction problem of storage and transport of liquid hydrocarbons has various aspects. On the one hand, oil and oil products properties depend on the temperature [10][11][12][13][14]. On the other hand, the heat emission into environment results in thawing of oil and gas facilities soil foundation that can bring to their instability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Artificial Additives Effect to Soil Deformation Characteristics of Oil and Oil Products Storage Tanks Foundation

Gruzin

Токарев

Шалай

et al. 2015

Procedia Engineering

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The comprehensive analysis was carried for searching the ways of load reduction to the environment in the process of oil and oil products tanks construction and maintenance. The laboratory studies results of expanded polystyrene granules adding effect in an average size sandy soil to a relative vertical deformation of the obtained mixture under the loadings arising under the tanks bottom for a liquid hydrocarbons storage in the process of their maintenance are presented.

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Numerical analysis of the heat transfer associated with freezing/solidifying phase changes for a pipeline filled with crude oil in soil saturated with water during pipeline shutdown in winter

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

Numerical Investigation of Thermal Fields Around Subsea Buried Pipelines

Numerical Investigation of Thermal Fields Around Subsea Buried Pipelines

Sensitivity analysis of heat dissipation factors in a hot oil pipeline based on orthogonal experiments

The Artificial Additives Effect to Soil Deformation Characteristics of Oil and Oil Products Storage Tanks Foundation

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