Numerical analysis of temperature distribution of plasma arc with molten pool in plasma arc melting

Chu, Shi-Sheng; Lian, Shuang

doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2004.03.014

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…promoting wüstite flotation), thus speeding up the reaction. In this context, one must also consider that the hydrodynamic features developed during plasma arc melting are rather complex and several other parameters such as gas shear stress, Marangoni and electromagnetic forces, buoyancy, and thermo-capillarity convection contribute to mass and heat distribution throughout the liquid [31,38,[47][48][49][50][51][52]. For the second set of reduced samples, 1 min of exposure to the hydrogen plasma enables the complete reduction of hematite into wüstite whereas additional 14 min is required to reach pure iron.…”

Section: Iron Conversion Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable steel through hydrogen plasma reduction of iron ore: Process, kinetics, microstructure, chemistry

Filho

Kulse

et al. 2021

Acta Materialia

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Section: Iron Conversion Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable steel through hydrogen plasma reduction of iron ore: Process, kinetics, microstructure, chemistry

Filho

Kulse

et al. 2021

Acta Materialia

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“…In the surface of the hardfacing layer, the Fe 2 B phase with cylindrical shape distributes in the matrix, as shown in Figure 4a, while in the profile of the hardfacing layer, the lengthwise direction of the strip-shaped Fe 2 B phase tends to be perpendicular to the surface of the hardfacing layer, as shown in Figure 4b. The temperature during the PTA process gradually decreases with increasing distance from the fusion zone and forms a series of isotherm lines in the surface of hardfacing layer [32]. The crystal growth of the Fe 2 B phase has the fastest rate along the direction perpendicular to the isotherm line since it is the direction of the maximum temperature gradient along the heat dissipation direction.…”

Section: Microstructure Of the Hardfacing Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The volume fraction of the Fe 3 (C,B) 6 phase with a low hardness value decreases gradually, while the volume fraction of Fe 23 (C,B) 6 and Fe 2 B phases with high hardness increase with increasing B content according to the Fe-B binary phase diagram. decreases with increasing distance from the fusion zone and forms a series of isotherm lines in the surface of hardfacing layer [32]. The crystal growth of the Fe2B phase has the fastest rate along the direction perpendicular to the isotherm line since it is the direction of the maximum temperature gradient along the heat dissipation direction.…”

Section: Microstructure Of the Hardfacing Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, it is reported that the Ti(C,B) particles can promote heterogeneous nucleation of austenite, which further enhances the nucleation rate of austenite grains during solidification [25]. decreases with increasing distance from the fusion zone and forms a series of isotherm lines in the surface of hardfacing layer [32]. The crystal growth of the Fe2B phase has the fastest rate along the direction perpendicular to the isotherm line since it is the direction of the maximum temperature gradient along the heat dissipation direction.…”

Section: Microstructure Of the Hardfacing Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of B Content on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Fe-3Ti-4C Hardfacing Alloys Produced by Plasma-Transferred Arc Welding

Zong

Guo

et al. 2019

Coatings

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The Fe-3Ti-xB-4C (x = 1.71, 3.42, 5.10, 6.85 wt. %) hardfacing alloys are deposited on the surface of a low-carbon steel by plasma transferred arc (PTA) weld-surfacing process. Microstructure, hardness and wear resistance have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rockwell hardness tester and abrasive wear testing machine, respectively. The results show that the microstructure in all alloys is composed of austenite, martensite, Fe23(C,B)6, Ti(C,B) and Fe2B. The volume fraction of eutectic borides and Ti(C,B) carbides increases with increasing B content. Many brittle bulk Fe2B phase arises when the boron content increases to 6.85%, which causes the formation of microcracks in the hardfacing layer. The microhardness of the hardfacing alloys is significantly improved with the B addition, however, the wear resistance of hardfacing alloys increases firstly and then decreases with increasing of B content. The hardfacing alloy with the 5.10% B content has the best wear resistance, which is attributed to high volume fraction of eutectic borides and fine Ti(C,B) particles distributed in the austenite and lath martensite matrix with high hardness and toughness. The formation of brittle bulk Fe2B particles in the hardfacing alloy with the 6.85% B leads to the fracture and spalling of hard phases during wear, thus, reducing the wear resistance.

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“…In addition, Ushio et al [4,5] made a numerical simulation on the distribution of velocity and temperature in the non-constricted transferred plasma based on continuous equation, momentum equations, energy equation and Maxwell equation. Lu et al [6,7] established an integral mathematic model of fluid flow and heat transfer of GTAW transferred arc and weld pool, and analyzed the behavior of transferred arc and weld pool including arc temperature field and current density distribution with finite element method. Especially, Yin et al [8] developed a twodimensional mathematical model to research the behavior of the transferred argon plasma arc constricted by a torch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation and Analysis on Jet Characteristics of Combined Plasma Arc

Meng¹

2011

TOMEJ

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A three-dimensional axisymmetric mathematical model, including the influence of the swirl exiting in the plasma torch, was developed to describe the heat transfer and fluid flow within a combined plasma arc. In the model, a mapping method and a meshing method of variable step-size were adopted to mesh the calculation domain and to improve the results precision. To overcome a problem from a coexistence of non-transferred arc and transfer arc and a complicated interaction between electric, magnetic, heat flow and fluid flow phenomena in the combined plasma arc, a sequential coupling method and a physical environment approach were introduced into the finite element analysis on jet characteristics of the combined plasma arc. Furthermore, the jet characteristics of combined plasma arc such as temperature, velocity, current density and electromagnetic force were studied; the effects of working current, gas flow and the distance from the nozzle outlet to the anode on the distributions of temperature, velocity and current density were also revealed. Compared with the collection and diagnosis on the combined plasma arc by CCD, the results show that the simulated value appears to be in good agreement with measured value, and the temperature of combined plasma arc is much dependent on the working current, while is less sensitive to the argon flow rate and the distance from the nozzle outlet to the workpiece anode.

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Numerical analysis of temperature distribution of plasma arc with molten pool in plasma arc melting

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Sustainable steel through hydrogen plasma reduction of iron ore: Process, kinetics, microstructure, chemistry

Sustainable steel through hydrogen plasma reduction of iron ore: Process, kinetics, microstructure, chemistry

Effect of B Content on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Fe-3Ti-4C Hardfacing Alloys Produced by Plasma-Transferred Arc Welding

Numerical Simulation and Analysis on Jet Characteristics of Combined Plasma Arc

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