Numerical Analysis of Rapidly Growing, Scotochromogenic Mycobacteria, Including Mycobacterium obuense sp. nov., nom. rev., Mycobacterium rhodesiae sp. nov., nom. rev., Mycobacterium aichiense sp. nov., nom. rev., Mycobacterium chubuense sp. nov., nom. rev., and Mycobacterium tokaiense sp. nov., nom. rev.

Tsukamura, M; Matsumoto, Shoji; Tsukamura, S

doi:10.1099/00207713-31-3-263

Cited by 57 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…This strain did not grow at 45°C, nor did it utilize citrate. One phenotypic characteristic was inconsistent with reported data on M. gilvum: it was catalase positive, whereas M. gilvum has been reported as catalase negative (47). The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene over 1,433 bp was 100% identical to that of M. gilvum strain PYR-GCK.…”

Section: Identification Of Strain Czh-101 As Mycobacterium Gilvumcontrasting

confidence: 69%

Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures on Degradation, Gene Expression, and Metabolite Production in Four Mycobacterium Species

Hennessee

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental contaminants that are hazardous to human health. It has been demonstrated that members of the Mycobacterium genus are among the most effective degraders of PAHs, but few studies have focused on the degradation of PAH mixtures. In this study, single and mixed PAH metabolism was investigated in four phylogenetically distinct Mycobacterium species with respect to (i) parent compound degradation, (ii) bacterial growth, (iii) catabolic gene expression, and (iv) metabolite production. Synergistic and antagonistic effects on four model PAH compounds (benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and phenanthrene) characterized degradation of mixtures in a strain-and mixture-dependent manner. The mixture of pyrene and phenanthrene, in particular, resulted in antagonized degradation by three out of four bacterial species, and further studies were narrowed to investigate the degradation of this mixture. Antagonistic effects persisted over time and were correlated with reduced bacterial growth. Antagonized degradation of PAH was not caused by preferential degradation of secondary PAHs, nor were mixture compounds or concentrations toxic to cells growing on sugars. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) studies of the characterized catabolic pathway of phenanthrene showed that in one organism, antagonism of mixture degradation was associated with downregulated gene expression. Metabolite profiling revealed that antagonism in mixture degradation was associated with the shunting of substrate through alternative pathways not used during the degradation of single PAHs. The results of this study demonstrate metabolic differences between single and mixed PAH degradation with consequences for risk assessment and bioremediation of PAH-contaminated sites. IMPORTANCEMycobacterium species are promising organisms for environmental bioremediation because of their ubiquitous presence in soils and their ability to catabolize aromatic compounds. PAHs can be degraded effectively as single compounds, but mixed substrates often are subject to degradative inhibition, which may explain the persistence of these pollutants in soils. Single and mixed PAH degradation by diverse Mycobacterium species was compared, with associated bacterial growth, gene expression, and metabolite production. The results demonstrate that antagonism characterized degradation in a strain-and mixture-dependent manner. One strain that was versatile in its pathway use of single chemicals also efficiently degraded the mixture, whereas antagonism in other the strains was associated with altered metabolic profiles, indicating unusual pathway use. The impacts of this work on risk assessment and bioremediation modeling studies indicate the need to account for mixture-generated intermediates and to recognize mixture degradation as a property distinct from that of PAH substrate range. P olycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of chemical pollutants that are widespread and persistent in the environment (1-3...

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Section: Identification Of Strain Czh-101 As Mycobacterium Gilvumcontrasting

confidence: 69%

Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures on Degradation, Gene Expression, and Metabolite Production in Four Mycobacterium Species

Hennessee

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…M. fortuitum subsp. acetamidolyticum was reported as a subspecies of M. fortuitum, but this was differentiated clearly from the other species including M. fortuitum.Numerical analysis of rapidly growing mycobacteria has been carried out by Kubica et al (6), Saito et al (14), Tsukamura (22), and Tsukamura et al (27,28). Since 1981, seven new species (or subspecies) of rapidly growing, nonphotochromogenic mycobacteria have been reported : Mycobacterium agri (22) (32), and M. fortuitum subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Numerical Classification of Rapidly Growing Nonphotochromogenic Mycobacteria

Tsukamura

Ichiyama

1986

Microbiology and Immunology

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Numerical analysis of 211 strains of rapidly growing, nonphotochromogenic mycobacteria was carried out by using 116 characters. New species reported after 1981 and not yet compared with known species by numerical classification were included. At the level of 90% of the matching coefficient, the following species could be differentiated from each other and were shown as distinct clusters : Mycobacterium pulveris, M. moriokaense, M. chitae, M. diernhoferi, M. porcinum, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae subspecies chelonae, M. chelonae subspecies abscessus, M. smegmatis, M. agri, M. fallax, M. parafortuitum, M. fortuitum subspecies acetamidolyticum. Four taxa, M. fortuitum, M. porcinum, M. chelonae subsp. chelonae, and M. chelonae subsp. abscessus, were regarded as distinct. However, these were combined into one large cluster at a level of 90%) of the matching coefficient and, therefore, were regarded as forming one series or complex. M. fortuitum subsp. acetamidolyticum was reported as a subspecies of M. fortuitum, but this was differentiated clearly from the other species including M. fortuitum.Numerical analysis of rapidly growing mycobacteria has been carried out by Kubica et al (6), Saito et al (14), Tsukamura (22), and Tsukamura et al (27,28). Since 1981, seven new species (or subspecies) of rapidly growing, nonphotochromogenic mycobacteria have been reported : Mycobacterium agri (22) (32), and M. fortuitum subsp. acetamidolyticum (31). It was desirable, therefore, for a new numerical analysis including these new species to be carried out to clarify their taxonomic positions. The present study was undertaken for this purpose. MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 211 strains of rapidly growing, nonphotochromogenic mycobacteria were studied. Mycobacterium parafortuitum strains are not nonphotochromogenic, however, these were included in the study, as they are nonpigmented when incubated in the dark. In addition, three hypothetical median organism patterns (9) of M. fortuitum, M. pulveris, and M. porcinum were included. Furthermore, 11 strains were tested in duplicate to estimate experimental errors. The strains used are shown in Table 1. 863

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“…AJ420145). This sequence is identical to the corresponding sequence of M. tokaiense, a species isolated from soil in Tokyo, Japan (25), and similar to sequences of two species that degrade polyaromatic hydrocar- Sputum culture AJ420160 (7) a The numbers in parentheses are the branch numbers on the phylogenetic tree in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Distribution of Environmental Mycobacteria in Karonga District, Northern Malawi

Chilima

Clark

Floyd

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The genus Mycobacterium includes many species that are commonly found in the environment (in soil and water or associated with plants and animals), as well as species that are responsible for two major human diseases, tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae). The distribution of environmental mycobacteria was investigated in the context of a long-term study of leprosy, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination, and the responses of individuals to various mycobacterial antigens in Karonga District, northern Malawi, where epidemiological studies had indicated previously that people may be exposed to different mycobacterial species in the northern and southern parts of the district. A total of 148 soil samples and 24 water samples were collected from various locations and examined to determine the presence of mycobacteria. The detection method involved semiselective culturing and acid-fast staining, following decontamination of samples to enrich mycobacteria and reduce the numbers of other microorganisms, or PCR with primers specific for the mycobacterial 16S rRNA gene, using DNA extracted directly from soil and water samples. Mycobacteria were detected in the majority of the samples, and subsequent sequence analysis of PCR products amplified directly from soil DNA indicated that most of the products were related to known environmental mycobacteria. For both methods the rates of recovery were consistently higher for dry season samples than for wet season samples. All isolates cultured from soil appeared to be strains of Mycobacterium fortuitum. This study revealed a complex pattern for the environmental mycobacterial flora but identified no clear differences between the northern and southern parts of Karonga District.

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Cited by 57 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures on Degradation, Gene Expression, and Metabolite Production in Four Mycobacterium Species

Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures on Degradation, Gene Expression, and Metabolite Production in Four Mycobacterium Species

Numerical Classification of Rapidly Growing Nonphotochromogenic Mycobacteria

Distribution of Environmental Mycobacteria in Karonga District, Northern Malawi

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