Numerical Analysis of Multiple Injection of Pulverized Coal, Prereduced lron Ore and Flux with Oxygen Enrichment to the Blast Furnace.

Castro, José Adilson de; Nogami, Hiroshi; Yagi, Jun‐ichiro

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.41.18

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Comprehensive mathematical models could play an important role for direct reduction plant operations by demonstrating the effects of process alternatives and expediting the decision-making process, as well helping the adequate selection of raw material. The field of non-catalytic gas reaction modeling is a very active research area in chemical engineering and metallurgy process fields (Austin et al, 1997, Yagi, 1993, Castro et al 2001, 2011, 2013, Dong et al, 2014, Kuang et al, 2014. Some attempts have been made in order to develop mathematical models of the direct reduction shaft furnace (Dong et al, 2014).…”

Section: Metalurgia E Materiaismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modeling of the shaft furnace process for producing DRI based on the multiphase theory

et al. 2018

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A numerical model based on transport equations for momentum, energy and chemical species for the gas and solid phases is proposed to simulate the inner phenomena in the direct reduction of the shaft furnace process for producing directly reduced iron (DRI). The model is verified using industrial data for productivity, raw materials and final composition of the DRI product. The model is used to evaluate operational practices using new raw materials and the composition of the reducing gas in the process. Three cases were considered, which correspond to available raw materials commercialized by different suppliers. The effects on the gas and solid inner temperatures, pressure and phase composition distributions are quantified. The simulation results indicated that good agreement for overall parameters of the process could be achieved and afterwards, detailed features of the inner conditions of the process are predicted.

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Section: Metalurgia E Materiaismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modeling of the shaft furnace process for producing DRI based on the multiphase theory

et al. 2018

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“…The previous model 25) was already able to handle two kinds of dynamic powders and applied to the operation analysis on simultaneous injection of pulverized coal and flux material or pre-reduced iron. Although this model considered only dynamic powders, this two-powder treatment was taken over by the newly developed model.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These rates are estimated by the previously reported methods. 17,18,25) The chemical reactions for the pulverized coal phase are devolatilization, carbon combustions, water gas and solution loss reactions.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis on Behavior of Unburned Char and Fine Coke in Blast Furnace

2005

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A mathematical model of blast furnace operation, which is able to estimate the behaviors of the unburned char and the fine coke simultaneously, has been developed. The model based on the multi-fluid theory treats dynamic powders that are moving entrained by the gas stream as individual phases and static powders as solid components. The former takes conservation equations of momentum, thermal energy, chemical species and continuity. The latter takes only mass balance equations of chemical species, and shares fields of flow and temperature with the other solid components, such as lump coke, sinter, and so on. In the simulations, the unburned char is derived from the pulverized coal injected from the tuyere, and there is no difference in model treatment between the unburned char and the pulverized coal. The fine coke is generated uniformly in the raceway region from the coke particles, and the generation rate is determined by a kinetic treatment. The simulation of the blast furnace operation by this model revealed that the unburned char and the fine coke having different diameters and densities show different flow patterns especially in the cohesive zone and deadman. Consequently these two powders formed different areas of accumulation and reactions while large amount of powders were deposited in the deadman zone regardless of difference in flow patterns.

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“…26,109,134,[139][140][141][142][143][144][145] For example, in order to reduce carbon emission and improve the utilization of top gas, different top gas recycling methods can be used, such as simple replacement of normal blast gases with recycled top gas, oxygen enriched blast replacement, and hot reducing gas replacement (HGR) where CO 2 has been removed from recycled top gas. 139) Some calculated solid temperature fields under different conditions are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Process Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Multiphase Flow in a Blast Furnace: Recent Developments and Future Work

et al. 2007

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An ironmaking blast furnace is a complex multiphase flow reactor involving gas, powder, liquid and solid phases. Understanding the flow behaviour of these phases is of paramount importance to the control and optimization of the process. Mathematical modelling, often coupled with physical modelling, plays an important role in this development. Yagi 1) gave a comprehensive review of the early studies in this area in 1993. Significant progress has since been made, partially driven by the needs in research but mainly as a result of the rapid development of computer and computational technologies. This paper reviews these developments, covering the formulation, validation and application of mathematical models for gas-solid, gas-liquid, gas-powder and multiphase flows. The need for further developments is also discussed.KEY WORDS: ironmaking; blast furnace; multiphase flow; two fluid model; discrete element method. Review development. Mathematical ModellingGenerally speaking, the existing approaches to modelling the multiphase flow in a BF can be classified into two categories: continuum approach at a macroscopic level and discrete approach at a microscopic level. In the continuum approach, phases are generally considered as fully interpenetrating continuum media and described by separate conservation equations with appropriate constitutive relations and interaction terms representing the coupling between phases. The general governing equations are based on the so-called two fluid model (TFM), originally developed for gas-particle flow, [29][30][31] given by:Conservation The so-called Model A and Model B result from the treatment of the fluid pressure. For example, for gas-solid flow, Model A assumes the pressure is shared between the two phases, while in Model B, the pressure is attributed to gas phase only. 31) Model A formulation has been widely used in multiphase modelling, especially in process metallurgy. Model B formulation was recently used in the so called combined continuum and discrete method for coupled flow of continuum fluid and discrete particles. 32) The continuum approach is suitable for process modelling and applied research because of its computational convenience and efficiency. Indeed, most of the BF modelling is based on this approach. However, its effective use heavily depends on constitutive or closure relations and the momentum exchange between phases. For Newtonian fluids (gas and liquid here), these relations can be readily determined. For non-Newtonian fluids such as solids and powder, general theories are not yet available. In the past, various theories have been devised for different flow regimes (three flow regimes have been identified: quasi-static regime, rapid flow regime and a transitional regime that lies inbetween). For example, models have been proposed to derive the constitutive equations for the rate-independent deformation of granular materials based on either the plasticity theory or the double shearing theory; the rapid flow of granular materials has been described by extend...

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Numerical Analysis of Multiple Injection of Pulverized Coal, Prereduced lron Ore and Flux with Oxygen Enrichment to the Blast Furnace.

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

Mathematical modeling of the shaft furnace process for producing DRI based on the multiphase theory

Mathematical modeling of the shaft furnace process for producing DRI based on the multiphase theory

Numerical Analysis on Behavior of Unburned Char and Fine Coke in Blast Furnace

Modelling of Multiphase Flow in a Blast Furnace: Recent Developments and Future Work

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