Numerical analysis of micro- and nano-particle deposition in a realistic human upper airway

Ghalati, Pejman Farhadi; Keshavarzian, Erfan; Abouali, Omid; Faramarzi, Mohammad; Tu, Jiyuan; Shakibafard, Alireza

doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2011.10.005

Cited by 90 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There is no clear explanation for this finding, but the distribution of the airflow in the nasal cavity, the state of the mucosa, and other factors are likely determinants of the deposition of the inhaled particles. This is in contrast with the results of Ghalati et al (2012), who assumed that most NPs would deposit on the anterior-most parts of the turbinates based on computed modeling [13]. This difference in results could possibly be explained by deposition and redistribution of the particles in the mucosa.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…It is assumed that their behavior when inhaled is different from that of the larger particles. Ghalali's computed model shows that the most of NPs deposit in the nasal cavity on the anterior-most parts of turbinates as well as microparticles, but the second location of the most abundant deposition differs; the NPs tend to deposit in pharynx, whereas the microparticles deposit in larynx [13, 14]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micro- and Nanosized Particles in Nasal Mucosa: A Pilot Study

Čábalová

Čabanová

Bielniková

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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Objective. The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate presence and quantity of micro- and nanosized particles (NPs) and interindividual differences in their distribution and composition in nasal mucosa. Methods. Six samples of nasal mucosa obtained by mucotomy from patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinosinusitis were examined. Samples divided into 4 parts according to the distance from the nostrils were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy to detect solid particles and characterize their morphology and composition. A novel method of quantification of the particles was designed and used to evaluate interindividual differences in distribution of the particles. The findings were compared with patients' employment history. Results. In all the samples, NPs of different elemental composition were found (iron, barium, copper, titanium, etc.), predominantly in the parts most distant from nostrils, in various depths from the surface of the mucosa and interindividual differences in their quantity and composition were found, possibly in relation to professional exposition. Conclusions. This study has proven the possibility of quantification of distribution of micro- and nanosized particles in tissue samples and that the NPs may deposit in deeper layers of mucosa and their elemental composition may be related to professional exposition to the sources of NPs.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro- and Nanosized Particles in Nasal Mucosa: A Pilot Study

Čábalová

Čabanová

Bielniková

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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“…In addition, previous CFD studies have studied nanoparticle transport in the human nose computationally. Several in vitro and in silico studies were based on the nasal geometry of model 2 (Ge et al, 2012; Ghalati et al, 2012; Shi et al, 2008; Xi & Longest, 2008; Zamankhan et al, 2006). As illustrated in Figure 8, our CFD results are in good agreement with these previous experimental and computational studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nasal deposition of inhaled nanoparticles has been extensively studied in humans through in vivo experiments in healthy volunteers (Cheng et al, 1996; Cheng et al, 1996), in vitro experiments in nasal replica casts based on cadavers or imaging of live subjects (Cheng et al, 1995; Golshahi et al, 2010; Gradon & Yu, 1989; Kelly et al, 2004b; Swift et al, 1992), and computational models (Ge et al, 2012; Ghalati et al, 2012; Inthavong et al, 2011; Martonen et al, 2003; Shi et al, 2006; Shi et al, 2008; Si et al, 2013; Wang et al, 2009; Xi et al, 2012; Xi & Longest, 2008; Yu et al, 1998; Zamankhan et al, 2006; Zhang & Kleinstreuer, 2011). These studies have shown that nasal filtration of nanoparticles is governed by diffusion, with the smallest particles having the greatest diffusivity and therefore the greatest nasal deposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory deposition of inhaled nanoparticles in humans

Garcia¹,

Schroeter²,

Kimbell³

2015

Inhalation Toxicology

140

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Context Inhaled nanoparticles can migrate to the brain via the olfactory bulb, as demonstrated in experiments in several animal species. This route of exposure may be the mechanism behind the correlation between air pollution and human neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Objectives This manuscript aims to (1) estimate the dose of inhaled nanoparticles that deposit in the human olfactory epithelium during nasal breathing at rest and (2) compare the olfactory dose in humans with our earlier dose estimates for rats. Materials and methods An anatomically-accurate model of the human nasal cavity was developed based on computed tomography scans. The deposition of 1–100 nm particles in the whole nasal cavity and its olfactory region were estimated via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Our CFD methods were validated by comparing our numerical predictions for whole-nose deposition with experimental data and previous CFD studies in the literature. Results In humans, olfactory dose of inhaled nanoparticles is highest for 1–2 nm particles with approximately 1% of inhaled particles depositing in the olfactory region. As particle size grows to 100 nm, olfactory deposition decreases to 0.01% of inhaled particles. Discussion and conclusion Our results suggest that the percentage of inhaled particles that deposit in the olfactory region is lower in humans than in rats. However, olfactory dose per unit surface area is estimated to be higher in humans due to their larger minute volume. These dose estimates are important for risk assessment and dose-response studies investigating the neurotoxicity of inhaled nanoparticles.

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Ultrafine particle deposition in a realistic human airway at multiple inhalation scenarios

Dong

Shang

Tian

et al. 2019

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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The scarcity of regional deposition data in distal respiratory airways represents an important challenge for current toxicology and pharmacology research. To bridge this gap, a realistic airway model extending from nasal and oral openings to distal bronchial airways with varying pathway length was built in this study. Transport and deposition characteristics of naturally inhaled ultrafine particles (UFPs) ranging from 1 to 100 nm were numerically investigated, and effects of different inhalation scenarios were considered. To enable intercase particle deposition comparison, an adjusted parameter, unified deposition enhancement factor (UDEF), was proposed for quantifying the localised deposition concentration. Results show that compartment particle deposition peaked around the ultrafine end of the considered size range, and it dropped rapidly with the increase of particle size. Different inhalation modes caused notable deposition changes in the extrathoracic region, while its effects in the TB airway are much less. For UFPs larger than 10 nm, predicted deposition efficiencies in all compartments are all at lowest levels among considered particle size range, implying UFPs ranging from 10 to 100 nm can travel through the whole respiratory airway model and escape to the alveolar region. Furthermore, high enhancement factors were observed at the vicinity of most bifurcation apexes, and more even UDEF distribution was observed from 1‐nm particle cases. While for 100‐nm cases, the deposited particles tend to concentrate at few “hot spots” (areas of high deposition concentration in relation to surrounding surfaces) with greater UDEF in the tracheobronchial airway.

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Numerical analysis of micro- and nano-particle deposition in a realistic human upper airway

Cited by 90 publications

References 33 publications

Micro- and Nanosized Particles in Nasal Mucosa: A Pilot Study

Micro- and Nanosized Particles in Nasal Mucosa: A Pilot Study

Olfactory deposition of inhaled nanoparticles in humans

Ultrafine particle deposition in a realistic human airway at multiple inhalation scenarios

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